. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012 Jul 18;127(1-3):193–199. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.06.032

Table 2.

Pain and psychiatric variables.

	High-PMQ Group (n=30)	Moderate-PMQ Group (n=25)	Low-PMQ Group (n=25)	p-value
Pain Variables
Pain Severity	4.5 (1.1)^a	3.7 (1.0)^b	3.3 (1.4)^b	0.002
Pain Interference	4.7 (1.1)^a	4.2 (1.4)^a,b	3.8 (1.4)^b	0.036
Chronic Pain Self-Efficacy	1105 (382)^a	1174 (292)^a	1447 (351)^b	0.001
Pain Catastrophizing	34.2 (10.3)^a	24.0 (9.5)^b	18.4 (12.6)^b	< 0.001
Psychiatric Variables
Depressive symptoms	24.9 (12.7)^a	14.7 (8.5)^b	15.6 (13.7)^b	0.003
Anxiety symptoms	11.2 (6.4)^a	6.6 (5.2)^b	7.4 (6.4)^a,b	0.013
PMQ score – Risk for prescription	38.7 (5.6)^a	27.1 (3.1)^b	16.2 (4.1)^c	< 0.001
opioid misuse (range)	(33 – 53)	(22 – 32)	(8 – 21)

Note. Scores above represent the mean (standard deviation) on each measure. Scores with different superscripts differed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in post-hoc testing. PMQ = Pain Medication Questionnaire.