Table 2.
Psycho-social difficulties identified in included studies categorized according to ICF structure
| ICF category | Specific PSD | Observational studies | Clinical trials | Total studies included (no. 51) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cross-sectional studies (no. 9) | Longitudinal studies (no. 12) | Case–Control studies (no. 2) | Controlled trials (no. 5) | Randomized trials (no. 23) | |||
| B130: Energy and drive functions | Vitality | 2 (4.3 %) | 5 (7.9 %) | – | 1 (5 %) | 4 (4.4 %) | 12 (5.2 %) |
| Fatigue | 1 (2.1 %) | 1 (1.6 %) | – | – | 1 (1.1 %) | 3 (1.3 %) | |
| Motivation | – | 1 (1.6 %) | – | – | – | 1 (0.4 %) | |
| B134: Sleep functions | Sleep | 1 (2.1 %) | – | 1 (10 %) | – | 3 (3.3 %) | 5 (2.2 %) |
| B140: Attention functions | Cognitive functions: attention | 2 (4.3 %) | – | – | – | 1 (1.1 %) | 3 (1.3 %) |
| B144: Memory functions | Cognitive functions: memory | 1 (2.1 %) | – | – | – | – | 1 (0.4 %) |
| B152: Emotional functions | General emotional functions | 2 (4.3 %) | 3 (4.8 %) | – | 1 (5 %) | 7 (7.7 %) | 13 (5.6 %) |
| Depressive mood and symptoms | 4 (8.5 %) | 4 (6.3 %) | 2 (20 %) | 1 (5 %) | 5 (5.5 %) | 16 (6.9 %) | |
| State anxiety | 5 (10.4 %) | 4 (6.3 %) | 1 (10 %) | 1 (5 %) | 5 (5.5 %) | 16 (6.9 %) | |
| Trait anxiety | – | – | 1 (10 %) | – | – | 1 (0.4 %) | |
| Stress | 1 (2.1 %) | 2 (3.2 %) | – | – | 2 (2.2 %) | 5 (2.2 %) | |
| Anger | 1 (2.1 %) | 1 (1.6 %) | – | – | 1 (1.1 %) | 3 (1.3 %) | |
| B156: Perceptual functions | Perceptual functions | 2 (4.3 %) | – | – | – | – | 2 (0.9 %) |
| B280: Sensation of pain | Pain | 2 (4.3 %) | 4 (6.3 %) | – | 1 (5 %) | 4 (4.4 %) | 11 (4.7 %) |
| D230: Carrying out daily routine | Carrying out daily routine | – | – | – | – | 1 (1.1 %) | 1 (0.4 %) |
| D240: Handling stress of other psychological demands | Coping strategies | 1 (2.1 %) | 1 (1.6 %) | – | 1 (5 %) | 2 (2.2 %) | 5 (2.2 %) |
| D4: Mobility | General mobility | – | – | – | – | 3 (3.3 %) | 3 (1.3 %) |
| D640: Doing housework | Doing housework | 1 (2.1 %) | 1 (1.6 %) | 1 (10 %) | – | 1 (1.1 %) | 4 (1.7 %) |
| D7: Interpersonal interactions and relationships | Relationships with others in general | 1 (2.1 %) | – | – | 1 (5 %) | 2 (2.2 %) | 4 (1.7 %) |
| D740: Formal relationships | Relationships with health professionals | 1 (2.1 %) | – | – | – | – | 1 (0.4 %) |
| D760: Family relationships | Family relationships | 1 (2.1 %) | – | – | – | – | 1 (0.4 %) |
| D850: Remunerative employment | Time restriction | 2 (4.3 %) | 1 (1.6 %) | 1 (10 %) | – | 3 (3.3 %) | 7 (3.0 %) |
| Reduced efficiency | 1 (2.1 %) | 2 (3.2 %) | – | 1 (5 %) | 5 (5.5 %) | 9 (3.9 %) | |
| D920: Recreation and leisure | Leisure activities | 2 (4.3 %) | 2 (3.2 %) | 1 (10 %) | – | 2 (2.2 %) | 7 (3.0 %) |
| Overall scores: linking to ICF categories not determined | Mental health | 2 (4.3 %) | 5 (7.9 %) | 1 (10 %) | 2 (10 %) | 5 (5.5 %) | 15 (6.5 %) |
| Physical health | 2 (4.3 %) | 4 (6.3 %) | 1 (10 %) | 2 (10 %) | 6 (6.6 %) | 15 (6.5 %) | |
| General health | 2 (4.3 %) | 3 (4.8 %) | – | – | 1 (1.1 %) | 6 (2.6 %) | |
| Global functioning or global disability | 3 (6.4 %) | 5 (7.9 %) | – | 3 (15 %) | 15 (16.5 %) | 26 (11.2 %) | |
| Social functioning | 2 (4.3 %) | 4 (6.3 %) | – | 1 (5 %) | 3 (3.3 %) | 10 (4.3 %) | |
| Quality of life | – | 3 (4.8 %) | – | 1 (5 %) | 4 (4.4 %) | 8 (3.5 %) | |
| Role emotional | 2 (4.3 %) | 4 (6.3 %) | – | 1 (5 %) | 1 (1.1 %) | 8 (3.5 %) | |
| Personal factors: not linkable to ICF categories | Self-efficacy | – | 1 (1.6 %) | – | 1 (5 %) | 1 (1.1 %) | 3 (1.3 %) |
| Locus of control | – | 1 (1.6 %) | – | 1 (5 %) | – | 2 (0.9 %) | |
| Satisfaction with specific life domains | – | 1 (1.6 %) | – | – | 3 (3.3 %) | 4 (1.7 %) | |
| Total number of PSD | 47 (100 %) | 63 (100 %) | 10 (100 %) | 20 (100 %) | 91 (100 %) | 231 (100 %) | |