Table 1.
Comparisons of demographics and headache profiles between episodic and chronic migraine patients and normal controls
| C (n = 16) | EM (n = 19) | CM (n = 53) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 39.6 ± 8.3 | 35.2 ± 10.5 | 40.6 ± 10.5 | 0.133 |
| Female, n (%) | 10 (62.5) | 12 (63.2) | 44 (83.0) | 0.102 |
| Age at onset, years | NA | 19.4 ± 8.1 | 21.4 ± 8.4 | 0.425 |
| Disease duration, years | NA | 14.3 ± 7.6 | 19.7 ± 10.1 | 0.049* |
| Headache intensitya | NA | 6.7 ± 2.0 | 7.1 ± 2.3 | 0.566 |
| Headache frequency, days/month | NA | 7.5 ± 3.5 | 24.7 ± 5.8 | <0.001* |
| Analgesics use, days/month | NA | 4.1 ± 4.5 | 16.3 ± 11.7 | <0.001* |
| MIDAS (0–270) | NA | 19.6 ± 19.5 | 62.8 ± 56.1 | 0.005* |
| BDI score (0–63) | NA | 9.9 ± 7.5 | 14.6 ± 9.2 | 0.075 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | NA | 22.4 ± 3.4 | 22.5 ± 5.3 | 0.930 |
| Unilateral, n (%) | NA | 12 (66.7) | 27 (51.9) | 0.278 |
| Throbbing headache, n (%) | NA | 12 (66.7) | 38 (73.1) | 0.604 |
| Physical activity aggravation, n (%) | NA | 15 (83.3) | 40 (76.9) | 0.568 |
| Associated symptoms | ||||
| Nausea, n (%) | NA | 12 (66.7) | 37 (71.2) | 0.720 |
| Vomiting, n (%) | NA | 7 (38.9) | 26 (50.0) | 0.416 |
| Photophobia, n (%) | NA | 10 (58.8) | 35 (67.3) | 0.566 |
| Phonophobia, n (%) | NA | 13 (72.2) | 39 (75.0) | 1.0 |
C control, EM episodic migraine, CM chronic migraine, NA not applicable, MIDAS migraine disability assessment scale, BDI Beck depression inventory, BMI body mass index
* P < 0.05
aHeadache intensity in a 0–10 numerical rating scale