Table 5.
Leeds Dependence Questionnaire (LDQ) score (mean ± SD) for the R-group and the NR-group at baseline and at 1-year follow-up
| Item | R-group | NR-group | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 1 year | Baseline | 1 year | |
| 1. Do you find yourself thinking about when you will next be able to take analgesics? | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 1.0 ± 0.6* | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 1.3 ± 0.9 |
| 2. Is taking analgesics more important than anything else you might do during the day? | 0.8 ± 0.7 | 0.7 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 0.9 ± 0.6 |
| 3. Do you feel your need for analgesics is too strong to control? | 0.9 ± 0.8† | 0.6 ± 0.6‡ | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 1.4 ± 0.6 |
| 4. Do you plan your days around taking analgesics? | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 0.6 ± 0.5† | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 1.0 ± 0.7 |
| 5. Do you take analgesics in a particular way in order to increase the effect it gives you? | 0.7 ± 0.7 | 0.6 ± 0.6 | 0.7 ± 0.7 | 0.7 ± 0.7 |
| 6. Do you take analgesics morning, afternoon and evening? | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.5**,‡ | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.5 |
| 7. Do you feel you have to continue taking analgesics once you have started? | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 0.8 ± 0.6‡ | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.6 |
| 8. Is getting the effect you want more important than the particular analgesic you use? | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.7**,‡ | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 0.7 |
| 9. Do you want to take more analgesics when the effect starts to wear off? | 0.9 ± 06‡ | 0.7 ± 0.5‡ | 1.6 ± 0.7 | 1.5 ± 0.7 |
| 10. Do you find it difficult to cope with life without analgesics? | 1.9 ± 0.7‡ | 1.1 ± 0.6** | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 0.6 |
| LDQ total score | 11.9 ± 2.0 | 7.8 ± 2.3**,‡ | 12.8 ± 2.1 | 12.1 ± 2.1 |
Differences within each group at baseline and at 1-year follow-up: * p ≤ 0.01, ** p < 0.001
Differences between the R- and NR-groups at baseline and at 1-year follow-up: † p ≤ 0.007, ‡ p < 0.001