Figure 2. PN1 reduces proliferation and increases apoptosis in metastatic prostate cancer cells.

PC3 cells were transfected with a PN1 expression plasmid or empty vector (2 μM) and treated with cyclopamine (10 μM) as indicated. PN1 expression affects (A) cell numbers (Student’s t test, n = 3), (B) proliferation (alamarBlue assay, 1-way ANOVA, n = 3), (C) apoptosis (annexin-PI assay, 1-way ANOVA, n = 3), and (D) cleavage of caspase-3 (19-kDa active band) and PARP (89-kDa active band). *P ≤ 0.05.