Table 4.
Characteristics of studies included for analysis
| Reference | Country | Location | Year | Type of cohort study | Cohort size at enrolment | Maximum age at enrolment (months) | Follow up (months) | Follow up frequency | Attrition* (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carme 1984; Guillo du Bodan 1984 |
Congo |
Linzolo |
1984† |
retrospective |
1003 |
birth |
60 |
‡ |
‡ |
| Carme 1992; Carme 1994 |
Congo |
Linzolo |
1981 |
retrospective |
2424 |
birth |
24 |
twice |
‡ |
| Adjorlolo-Johnson 1994 |
Cote d’Ivoire |
Abidjan |
1990 |
prospective |
619 |
birth |
3 monthly |
4.4 |
|
| Greenberg 1991 |
Democratic Republic of Congo |
Kinshasa |
1986 |
prospective |
587 |
9 |
18 |
‡ |
4 |
| Hauspie 1989 |
Democratic Republic of Congo |
‡ |
1977 |
prospective |
4030 |
48 |
48 |
‡ |
‡ |
| Van Lerberghe 1986 |
Democratic Republic of Congo |
Kasongo |
1974 |
prospective |
4273 |
60 |
12 |
‡ |
26 |
| Ryder 1994a; Ryder 1994b |
Democratic Republic of Congo |
Kinshasa |
1986 |
prospective |
1091 |
birth |
36 |
monthly |
‡ |
| Alemu 1996; Asefa 1996; Asefa 1998; Lesaffre 1999 |
Ethiopia |
Jimma |
1992 |
prospective |
1563 |
birth |
12 |
2 mon thly |
14 |
| Byass 2008 |
Ethiopia |
Butajira |
1987 |
prospective |
1884 |
birth |
216 |
monthly/ quarterly |
‡ |
| Lindtjorn 1992 |
Ethiopia |
Dubluk/ Elka |
1989 |
prospective |
828 |
60 |
24 |
2 weekly |
‡ |
| Kristensen I 2000 |
Guinea-Bissau |
‡ |
1990 |
prospective |
8752 |
birth |
20 |
‡ |
0† |
| Fegan 2007 |
Kenya |
‡ |
2004 |
prospective |
3500 |
59 |
24 |
yearly |
‡ |
| Malhotra 2009 |
Kenya |
‡ |
2002 |
prospective |
586 |
birth |
36 |
6 monthly |
34 |
| McElroy 1999; McElroy 2000; McElroy 2001 |
Kenya |
Asembo bay |
1992 |
prospective |
942§ |
birth |
48 |
2 weekly |
28 |
| Nokes 2004; Ochola 2009 |
Kenya |
Kilifi |
2002 |
prospective |
635 |
birth |
12 |
monthly |
10 |
| Oomen 1979 |
Kenya |
Machakos |
1974 |
prospective |
568 |
60 |
22 |
monthly |
32 |
| ter Kuile 2003; van Eijk 2002 |
Kenya |
Kisumu |
1996 |
prospective |
661 |
0 |
12 |
monthly |
46 |
| Cohen 1976 |
Lesotho |
‡ |
1969 |
cohort/ cross-sectional |
1317 |
60 |
60 |
‡ |
‡ |
| Maleta 2003 |
Malawi |
Lungwena |
1995 |
prospective |
767 |
0 |
36 |
monthly |
72.9 |
| Chilongozi 2008 |
Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia |
‡ |
2001 |
prospective |
2383 |
0 |
12 |
2 monthly |
44 |
| Elguero 2005 |
Senegal |
‡ |
1989 |
analysis of two birth cohorts |
11342 |
0 |
24 |
‡ |
‡ |
| Simondon 1998 |
Senegal |
Niakhar |
1983 |
mixed retrospective/ prospective |
1650 |
60 |
120 |
twice |
46.8 |
| Kristensen 2006 |
South Africa |
Soweto |
2000 |
prospective |
571 |
0 |
12 |
2 weekly |
21 |
| Reid 1990 |
South Africa |
Prieska |
1932 |
retrospective |
1227 |
0 /birth record |
48 |
twice |
32.5 |
| Adair 2009; Ellison 2000; Griffiths 2008; Heerden 2010; Jones 2008; MacKeown 2000; MacKeown 2003 MacKeown 2007; Martorell 2010; Naicker 2010; Norris 2009; Pedro 2008; Richter 1995; Richter 2006; Richter 2007; Sabet 2009; Sheppard 2009; Steyn 2000; Steyn 2006; Thandrayen 2009; Vidulich 2006; Whati 2005; van Yach 1991 |
South Africa |
Johannesburg (Soweto) |
1990 |
prospective |
3273 |
antenatal period (mother) and birth |
ongoing |
yearly |
28§ |
| Rayco-Solon 2004 |
The Gambia |
West Kiang |
1950 |
retrospective |
3981 |
0 |
death/ Oct 97 |
yearly |
‡ |
| Vella 1993; Vella 1994 |
Uganda |
Arua |
1987 |
prospective |
1072 |
60 |
24 |
‡ |
‡ |
| McDowell 1982 | Zambia | ‡ | 1970 | prospective | 1342 | 0 | 60 | 6 monthly | ‡ |
PC = prospective cohort, RC = retrospective cohort
*Attrition at last recorded study of initial cohort. Attrition varied by study outcome.
†Publication year.
‡Data not reported.
§ Reporting of study size varies (1570, 942 and 833); 942 reported in first paper, so this value taken.