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. 2012 Nov;5(6):718–725. doi: 10.1242/dmm.010033

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© 2012. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly cited and all further distributions of the work or adaptation are subject to the same Creative Commons License terms.

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Fig. 2. — The preclinical trial phases of translational stroke research. As therapeutic agents or concepts advance in development, the experimental setting increases in complexity. It ranges from small cohorts to investigate novel (pathophysiological) mechanisms to large mixed populations with (multiple) comorbidities and additional modeling of stroke care. The final stage of preclinical development is to conduct a randomized controlled preclinical trial (RCPT), ideally in a stroke unit setting. Randomized clinical trials commence after this process has been completed, and are based on evidence gained in preclinical testing.