Table 3.
Descriptive Summary of Characteristics of International PD Studies
| Study design |
Participant characteristics |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study by region | Country of origin |
Source of participants |
Recruitment method |
n | Mean age, y (range) |
M:F | Mean HY stage (range) |
Mean UPDRS-II (SD) |
Mean disease duration, y (range) |
Levodopa therapy; No. (%) |
Mean PDQ-39 SI (SD) |
| North America | |||||||||||
| Brown et al. (2009)3 | USA | MDC | Convenience | 96 | 71.6 | 5.4:1 | NS | 14.5 (7.6) | NS | NS | 28.6 (18.0) |
| Tickle-Degnen et al. (2010)27 | USA | MDC | NS | 117 | 66.3 | 2.3:1 | (II–III) | NS | 7.1 | 94 (80) | 31.7 (11.1) |
| South America | |||||||||||
| Carod-Artal et al. (2010)29 | Brazil | Hospital | Consecutive | 150 | 63.1 | 1.3:1 | (I–V) | NS | 8.7 | 130 (87) | 35.4 (18.4) |
| Carod-Artal et al. (2008)15 | Brazil | NC | Consecutive | 115 | 62.5 | 1.3:1 | (I–V) | NS | 8.7 | 81 (71) | 45.0 (17.5) |
| Carod-Artal et al.(2007)14,24* | Brazil | NC/hospital | Consecutive | 144 | 61.9 | 1.1:1 | (I–IV) | 12.1 (7.1) | 6.6 | 126 (88) | 40.7 (17.8) |
| Martinez-Martin et al. (2007)30 | Ecuador | MDC | Random | 187 | 68.9 (44–96) | 2.0:1 | 2.4† (I–IV) | 19.9 (9.5) | 6.0 (1–15) | NS | 41.8 (16.3) |
| Martinez-Martin et al. (2005)12 | Ecuador | MDC | Random | 137 | 69.4 (44–92) | 2.2:1 | (I–V) | 19.7 (10.0) | 5.9 (1–15) | 137 (73) | 41.5 (15.5) |
| Western Europe | |||||||||||
| Chapuis et al. (2005)31 | France | NS | NS | 143 | 67.1 (44–90) | 1.0:1 | 2.0 (0–V) | NS | 9.1 (1–26) | 122 (85) | 36.5 (14.2) |
| Montel et al. (2009)2 | France | Hospital | NS | 135 | 60.6 | 1.5:1 | 1.9 | 13.2 (10.8) | 4.9 | NS | 35.1 (23.1) |
| Gomez-Esteban et al. (2007)16 | Spain | NS | NS | 110 | 68.6 | 0.9:1 | NS | 13.4 (5.8) | 7.6 | 88 (80) | 26.4 (13.3) |
| Gray et al. (2002)25 | UK | Hospital | Consecutive | 97 | 65.0 (48–83) | 1.5:1 | NS | NS | NS | NS | 39.0 (15.0) |
| Schrag et al. (2000)13 | UK | Community | Population | 97 | 73.0 (36–94) | 1.1:1 | 2.4 (I–V) | NS | 5.8 (0–25) | NS | 30.0 (19.3) |
| Haapaniemi et al. (2004)32 | Finland | NC | Consecutive | 259 | 66.5 | 1.1:1 | 2.1† (0–IV) | 10.2 (6.5) | 4.3 | NS | 31.6 (15.8) |
| Herlofson and Larsen (2003)33 | Norway | Hospital | NS | 66 | 70.8 | 0.6:1 | 2.5 | 11.3 (6.5) | 5.9 | NS | 18.7 (12.0) |
| Krikmann et al. (2008)34 | Estonia | NC | NS | 81 | 66.9 | 0.5:1 | (I–V) | NS | 8.9 | 74 (91) | 39.0 (17.7) |
| Reuther et al. (2007)26 | Germany | NC/community | Consecutive | 145 | 67.3 (37–94) | 2.0:1 | 2.8 | 12.9 (10.4) | 9.3 (1–36) | NS | 29.4 (17.5) |
| Eastern Europe | |||||||||||
| Dubayova et al. (2009)35 | Slovak Republic | NC/hospital | NS | 153 | 67.9 (44–83) | 1.1:1 | NS | NS | 7.5 (0–34) | NS | 58.9 (17.0) |
| Zach et al. (2004)17 | Poland | MDC | NS | 141 | 68.1 (41–92) | 1.2:1 | (II–III) | NS | 11.9 (5–34) | 141 (100) | 35.3 (15.7) |
| Ziropada et al. (2009)36 | Serbia | NC | Consecutive | 102 | 58.4 | 1.2:1 | 1.8† (I–IV) | NS | 4.8 | NS | 45.8 (13.3) |
| Asia-Pacific | |||||||||||
| Tan et al. (2004)21 | Singapore | MDC/community | NS | 88 | 63.1 (38–82) | 2.4:1 | NS | NS | NS | NS | 31.2 (14.9) |
| Luo et al. (2005)37 | Singapore | MDC/community | Convenience | 63 | 65.0 (41–82) | 1.4:1 | NS | NS | NS | NS | 21.7 (14.7) |
| Luo et al. (2010)38 | China | NC | NS | 71 | 63.7 (32–84) | 1.6:1 | (I–V) | 15.0 (7.7) | 6.0 (1–20) | NS | 29.6 (17.4) |
| Tsang et al. (2002)22 | China | MDC | NS | 54 | 66.4 (42–82) | 1.3:1 | (I–IV) | NS | NS | NS | 29.5 (21.5) |
| Moore et al. (2007)40 | Israel | MDC | Consecutive | 118 | 65.8 | 1.3:1 | 2.7‡ | NS | 5.8 | NS | 33.2 (9.4) |
| Moore et al. (2005)40 | Israel | MDC | Consecutive | 124 | 65.8 (38–85) | 1.3:1 | 2.7‡ (I–V) | NS | 5.8 (2–29) | NS | 31.3 (10.0) |
| Nojomi et al. (2010)41 | Iran | NC | Consecutive | 200 | 57.3 (27–83) | 2.1:1 | (I–V) | NS | 6.5 | NS | 35.1 (15.4) |
| Suzukamo et al. (2006)4 | Japan | NC | Convenience | 183 | 65.8 | 0.7:1 | (0–IV) | NS | NS | NS | 29.5 (17.0) |
| CURRENT STUDY | Australia | MDC/community | Convenience | 210 | 67.9 (44–89) | 2.0:1 | 2.5 (0–IV) | 11.5 (5.9) | 6.7 (0–30) | 187 (89) | 20.9 (12.7) |
*
Multiple reports of the same study.
†
Mean values calculated from raw scores.
‡
HY scores reported for off-medication state.
PD=Parkinson disease; HY=Hoehn and Yahr; UPDRS-II=Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part II; PDQ-39=Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire; MDC=movement disorder clinic; NC=neurology clinic; NS=not stated.