Table 2.

Characteristics of Participants Who Did and Did Not Have Surgery^* Performed, Pending, or Deferred

		Surgical status; no./total (%) of patients
Characteristic		Surgery	No surgery	n	p-value
Age	>50 y†	15/30 (50.0)	312/642 (48.6)	672	0.88
Symptoms	>6 mo†	13/14 (92.9)	207/361 (57.3)	375	0.01
Sex	Female	11/30 (36.7)	345/647 (53.3)	677	0.07
Residence	Rural	14/30 (46.7)	420/644 (65.2)	674	0.04
Funding	Direct bill†	12/12 (100)	278/324 (85.8)	336	0.38
Diagnosis	Surgical spine†	1/26 (3.8)	1/601 (0.2)	627	0.08
	Other body part†	3/26 (11.5)	15/601 (2.5)	627	0.03
	Surgical spine or other body part†	4/26 (15.4)	16/601 (2.7)	627	0.01

^*Any of spine surgery or hip or knee joint replacement surgery.

^†Dichotomized variables.