Table 3.

Characteristics of Participants Who Did and Did Not Have Surgery^* Performed, Pending, or Deferred: Reduced Sample^† (n=299)

		Surgical status; no./total (%) of patients
Characteristic		Surgery	No surgery	p-value
Age	>50 y‡	4/10 (40.0)	151/289 (52.2)	0.45
Symptom duration	>6 mo‡	9/10 (90.0)	169/289 (58.5)	0.05
Sex	Female	3/10 (30.0)	143/289 (49.5)	0.34
Residence	Rural	6/10 (60.0)	213/289 (73.7)	0.34
Funding	Direct bill‡	10/10 (100)	245/289 (84.8)	0.37
Diagnosis	Surgical spine‡	0/10 (0)	0/289 (0)	—§
	Other body part‡	0/10 (0)	10/289 (3.5)	1.00
	Surgical spine or other body part‡	0/10 (0)	10/289 (3.5)	1.00

^*Any of spine surgery or hip or knee joint replacement surgery.

^†After list-wise deletion of missing variables.

^‡Dichotomized variables.

^§Could not be calculated because there was no one with a diagnosis of surgical spine in this sample.