Table 2.

Results of logistic regression analyses relating witnessed parental and community violence to posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive episode

Predictor	Posttraumatic stress disordera			Major depressive episodeb
	Wald	OR	CI (95%)	Wald	OR	CI (95%)
Age group	7.60	1.89**	1.20–2.96	8.54	1.76**	1.20–2.57
Gender	17.45	2.51***	1.63–3.87	42.77	3.93***	2.61–5.92
African American	.18	.89	.51–1.53	1.53	.73	.44–1.20
Native American	.74	.53	.12–2.25	1.44	1.66	.72–3.81
Asian American	.24	.74	.22–2.47	.90	.56	.17–1.84
Hispanic	2.81	.59	.32–1.09	2.23	.66	.39–1.14
Poverty (<$15K)	.20	1.17	.59–2.32	2.84	.61	.34–1.08
Trauma history	13.49	2.90***	1.64–5.13	12.29	2.23***	1.42–3.48
Witnessed parental violence	7.61	2.02**	1.22–3.32	5.84	1.73*	1.11–2.71
Witnessed community violence: shooting or stabbing	.74	1.26	.74–2.15	3.48	1.56	.98–2.48
Witnessed community violence: sexual assault	5.10	2.60*	1.13–5.95	3.97	2.11*	1.01–4.42
Witnessed community violence: mugging	.43	1.22	.68–2.18	4.91	1.69*	1.06–2.70
Witnessed community violence: threat with a weapon	10.17	2.24**	1.36–3.69	5.57	1.66*	1.09–2.54
Witnessed community violence: beating	4.26	1.70*	1.03–2.80	12.13	2.01***	1.36–2.97

^an = 3075;

^bn = 3084;

^*p < .05;

^**p < .01;

^***p < .001.

Note. OR = odds ratio. CI = confidence interval. Reference groups for predictor variables were as follows: age group: 12–14 years (vs. 15–17); gender: male; racial/ethnic groups: Caucasian; poverty: income >$15,000; trauma history: no history of direct victimization; witnessed violence categories: no exposure to each type of witnessed violence.