Table 4.

Results of logistic regression analyses relating parental violence characteristics to posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive episode among adolescents who witnessed parental violence

Predictor	Posttraumatic stress disordera			Major depressive episodeb
	Wald	OR	CI (95%)	Wald	OR	CI (95%)
Age group	2.31	2.17	.80–5.88	7.29	3.53**	1.41–8.83
Gender	2.02	.43	.14–1.37	1.69	.55	.23–1.35
Trauma history	.15	1.26	.39–4.07	.27	.74	.24–2.26
Multiple incidents of witnessed parental violence	2.53	2.62	.80–8.61	.92	1.62	.60–4.37
Age group at first incident	.02	1.11	.24–5.16	1.60	2.28	.63–8.20
Age group at last incident	.15	1.30	.34–4.90	.02	1.08	.35–3.26
Perpetrator gender	.04	1.14	.34–3.84	.02	1.08	.36–3.22
Feared injury or death	5.72	5.84*	1.37–24.82	10.49	8.07**	2.28–28.55
Feared parent injury	3.35	6.71	.87–51.68	.33	1.46	.40–5.30
Feared parent death	.09	.81	.20–3.29	.01	.93	.29–3.04
Parent injury	1.40	.45	.12–1.69	7.08	.23**	.77–.68

^an = 243;

^bn = 247;

^*p < .05;

^**p < .01.

Note. OR = odds ratio. CI = confidence interval. Reference groups for predictor variables were as follows: age group: 12–14 years (vs. 15–17); gender: male; trauma history: no history of direct victimization; multiple incidents of witnessed violence: one incident; age group at first or last incident: 12–14 years (vs. 15–17); perpetrator gender: female; feared injury/death: ‘no.’