Table 1.
Management of hydatid cysts of the breast
Clinical findings |
→Mammary nodule |
|
→Other symptoms: pain, nipple discharge, fever |
Differential diagnosis |
→Cyst |
|
→Fibroadenoma |
|
→Phyllodes tumor |
|
→Circumscribed carcinoma |
Diagnostic methods |
→Mammography |
|
→Ultrasonography |
|
→Anti-echinococcus serum immunoglobulin E |
|
→Fine-needle aspiration cytology |
Sonographic classification [5] |
→Type 1: pure fluid collection |
|
→Type 2: fluid collection with a split wall |
|
→Type 3: fluid collection with septa |
|
→Type 4: heterogeneous echo patterns |
|
→Type 5: reflecting thick walls |
|
→“congealed water sign” [6] |
Fine-needle aspiration cytology findings |
→Hooklets, laminated membrane and scolices |
Therapeutic options |
→Cystectomy |
→Observation (in older patients or in high surgical risk) |