Table 2.
Type of Non- Adherence | Unadjusted | Adjusted for age, sex | Fully adjusted* | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |
Overall, do not take medications as prescribed | 1.85(1.37–2.50) | <0.001 | 1.73 (1.27–2.34) | <0.001 | 1.47 (1.03–2.10) | 0.04 |
Forget to take medications | 1.90 (1.44–2.52) | <0.001 | 1.87 (1.41–2.47) | <0.001 | 1.32(0.95–1.83) | 0.09 |
Decide to skip medications | 2.01 (1.44–2.82) | <0.001 | 1.99 (1.41–2.80) | <0.001 | 1.95 (1.31–2.91) | 0.001 |
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 item version
All variables from Table 1 that were associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at P<.20 were entered into ordinal logistic regression models to evaluate the association of PTSD with the three medication adherence outcomes. Covariates included in each of the three fully adjusted models include age, sex, depression, social support score, alcohol use, and history of hypertension, elevated cholesterol, diabetes, myocardial infarction, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Other variables significantly associated with not taking medications as prescribed included age (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97–0.99), female gender (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.29–4.94), and diabetes (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.01–2.29). Other variables significantly associated with forgetting to take medications included depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10) (OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.48–2.94); hypercholesterolemia (OR 1.43, 95%CI 1.07–1.92); and diabetes (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.07 – 2.25). Other variables associated with deciding to skip medications included age (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96–0.99), at risk alcohol use (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.12–2.27), and diabetes (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.25–3.06).