Table 2.

Estimated regression coefficients (95% confidence intervals) on the association between fish consumption and measures of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function

	b-coefficient (95% CI)	p-value
Log insulin sensitivity
Unadjusted	−0.031 (−0.11, 0.047)	0.436
Model 1	−0.030 (−0.11, 0.047)	0.444
Model 2	−0.039 (−0.12, 0.043)	0.350
Model 3	−0.031 (−0.12, 0.043)	0.363
Model 4	−0.015 (−0.083, 0.053)	0.664
Log fasting insulin
Unadjusted	0.071 (−0.019, 0.16)	0.124
Model 1	0.070 (−0.020, 0.16)	0.128
Model 2	0.053 (−0.041, 0.15)	0.270
Model 3	0.037 (−0.044, 0.12)	0.373
Model 4	0.016 (−0.066, 0.10)	0.708
Log SI-adjusted acute insulin response
Unadjusted	−0.13 (−0.24, −0.021)	0.020
Model 1	−0.13 (−0.24, −0.026)	0.015
Model 2	−0.10 (−0.22, −0.013)	0.083
Model 3	−0.10 (−0.22, 0.011)	0.077
Model 4	−0.13 (−0.25, −0.016)	0.025
Log intact proinsulin/C-peptide ratio
Unadjusted	0.10 (0.021, 0.19)	0.014
Model 1	0.094 (0.010, 0.18)	0.028
Model 2	0.12 (0.032, 0.21)	0.008
Model 3	0.11 (0.024, 0.20)	0.012
Model 4	0.073 (−0.014, 0.16)	0.100
Log split proinsulin/C-peptide ratio
Unadjusted	0.10 (0.0035, 0.20)	0.042
Model 1	0.088 (−0.0079, 0.18)	0.072
Model 2	0.087 (−0.015, 0.19)	0.094
Model 3	0.073 (−0.024, 0.17)	0.141
Model 4	0.031 (−0.065, 0.13)	0.522
Fasting blood glucose
Unadjusted	2.68 (1.06, 4.29)	0.001
Model 1	2.48 (0.89, 4.07)	0.002
Model 2	2.78 (1.10, 4.47)	0.001
Model 3	2.56 (0.98, 4.15)	0.002
Model 4	2.27 (0.68, 3.86)	0.005
2-hour post-load blood glucose
Unadjusted	−0.38 (−5.26, 4.50)	0.880
Model 1	−0.061 (−4.86, 4.74)	0.980
Model 2	0.78 (−4.31, 5.88)	0.763
Model 3	0.088 (−4.66, 4.84)	0.971
Model 4	0.085 (−4.71, 4.88)	0.972

Model 1 – adjusted for age and sex; Model 2 – Model 1 + education, income, smoking, alcohol consumption, caloric expenditure, family history of diabetes, dietary factors (kcal, protein, fat, fruits, vegetables); Model 3 – Model 2 + BMI, WHR; Model 4 – Model 3 + ethnicity