. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2012 Jul 24;23(9):829–835. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.06.001

Table 3.

Estimated regression coefficients (95% confidence intervals) on the association between fish consumption and measures of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function, stratified by ethnicity

	Fish consumption (≥2 portions/week vs. <2 portions/week)
	Caucasians	African-Americans	Hispanics	P_{ethnic difference}
Log insulin sensitivity	−0.022 (−0.13, 0.088)	−0.072 (−0.20, 0.057)	0.049 (−0.073, 0.17)	0.399
Log fasting insulin	0.087 (−0.046, 0.22)	0.077 (−0.081, 0.24)	−0.088 (−0.23, 0.57)	0.711
Log S_I-adjusted AIR	−0.24 (−0.42, −0.056)^*	0.034 (−0.21, 0.28)	−0.12 (−0.30, 0.071)	0.584
Log intact proinsulin/ C-peptide	0.22 (0.085, 0.36)^*	−0.010 (−0.20, 0.18)	−0.053 (−0.20, 0.093)	0.019
Log split proinsulin/ C-peptide	0.22 (0.057, 0.38)^*	−0.088 (−0.28, 0.099)	−0.11 (−0.27, 0.051)	0.006
Fasting blood glucose	4.50 (1.95, 7.06)^*	2.61 (−0.86, 6.08)	−0.46 (−2.98, 2.05)	0.024
2-hour post-load blood glucose	4.22 (−3.60, 12.0)	−2.48 (−11.2, 6.26)	−3.11 (−11.9, 5.6)	0.383

Multivariable-adjusted regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, income, smoking, alcohol consumption, caloric expenditure, family history of diabetes, dietary factors (kcal, protein, fat, fruits, vegetables), BMI and WHR

p<0.05 comparing ≥ 2 portions/week vs. < 2 portion/week