Table 3.

Distribution and Averages of Selected Covariates of National Institute of Health R01 Type 1 Research Grant Applications by Applicant Institution Type, Fiscal Years 2000–2006^*

Applications from	No. of applications	NIH experience			Employer NIH funding		Researcher productivity†					Unscored applications, %
		Prior grants, %	NIH review comm., %	Human subjects research, %	Ranked 1–30, %	Ranked 31–100, %	Article count, mean	Citation count, mean	> Median cites, %	Max. impact factor, %	Last author, %
MDs at medical schools‡
Asian	3,052	79.6§	40.2§	34.7§	50.8§	41.1¶	25.7§	140.9§	67.6§	14.3§	31.3	43.1§
Black	345	80.6	61.4	58.0	39.4§	43.5	14.6	49.3§	42.9	11.1	23.6	49.6**
Hispanic	864	81.6**	54.5	52.1	52.7	39.6	25.0¶	116.2	56.7	12.9	28.3	39.2
White	14,279	87.9	61.7	51.4	58.8	35.8	18.0	99.0	55.1	12.0	29.6	36.7
Total	21,945	83.3	54.9	49.6	56.8	36.6	19.4	103.5	57.0	12.2	28.9	38.9
MDs at other institutions
Asian	1,320	73.3§	38.9§	36.1§	13.6	31.9	28.6**	167.6	71.4§	14.8¶	30.9	45.5§
Black	129	74.4	55.8	71.3	20.2	27.9	9.5§	45.5§	49.5	8.6¶	30.5	50.4**
Hispanic	388	73.5**	56.7	56.2	13.4	29.4	29.6	142.4	68.6¶	14.5	29.8	40.2
White	5,418	86.3	59.7	54.0	15.4	30.3	20.7	146.4	57.0	13.0	30.3	36.1
Total	8,816	79.3	51.9	52.7	14.5	29.9	22.5	143.7	59.8	13.3	28.9	39.9

^*Sources: NIH IMPAC II, National Science Foundation Survey of Earned Doctorates, and Association of American Medical Colleges Faculty Roster. Comm. indicates committee.

^†Estimates are limited to applications with valid match to publications. The authors tested whether these variables are significantly different from applications from white MD investigators.

^‡Native Americans, Alaska Native, Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders, other race, and race unknown categories are omitted, so the totals do not add up to 100%.

^§P< .001.

^¶P< .05.

^**P< .01.