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The SNS and bone remodeling. Impulses from the central nervous system (CNS) activate preganglionic neurons of the SNS, which then can stimulate peripheral catecholamine release (E, epinephrine; NE, norepinephrine) from postganglionic neurons and from the adrenal medulla. These mediators then bind to the β2AR to suppress osteoblast transcription factors such as ATF4, and enhance RANKL expression, which then enhances osteoclast differentiation.
