Table 1.

Comparison of the costs published for copd in different countries in europe

Reference	Country	Focus	Costs	Cost/patient/year	Global cost/year
Morera, 1992 [4]	Spain	Top-down	Direct and indirect	€959	Direct €319 M Indirect €541 M
Jacobson, 2000 [9]	Sweden	Top-down	Direct and indirect		Direct €109 M Indirect €541 M
Rutten van Mölken, 2000 [6]	Netherlands	Top-down	Direct	$876
Dal Negro, 2001 [10]	Italy	Bottom-up	Direct	Stage I = €151 Stage II = €3,001 Stage III = €3,912
Jansson, 2002 [11]	Sweden	Bottom-up	Direct and indirect	"tabcaption",284	$871 M
Miravitlles, 2003 [5]	Spain	Bottom-up	Direct	Stage I = €1,185 Stage II = €1,640 Stage III = €2,333	€427 M
Masa, 2004 [12]	Spain	Bottom-up Cross-sectional	Direct	€909.5	€238.8 M
Izquierdo, 2004 [13]	Spain	Bottom-up	Direct	Stage I = €1,657 Stage II = €2,425 Stage III = €3,303
Borg, 2004 [14]	Sweden	Top-down	Direct and indirect	Direct costs GOLD I = €92 GOLD IIA = €631 GOLD IIB = €2,144 GOLD III = €8,678
Detournay, 2004 [15]	France	Bottom-up	Direct and indirect	Direct costs GOLD II = €1,904 GOLD III = €2,683 GOLD IV = €6,357	€3,500 M
Lucioni, 2005 [16]	Italy	Bottom-up	Direct and indirect	Direct costs €4,645
Koleva, 2007 [17]	Italy	Bottom-up	Direct costs	GOLD I = €1,046 GOLD II = €2,319 GOLD III = €3,572 GOLD IV = €5,033
Dal Negro, 2008 [18]	Italy	Bottom-up	Direct costs	Mild = €1,314 Moderate-severe = €5,451
De Miguel, 2008 [19]	Spain	Bottom-up	Direct costs	€1,922

$ = costs in U.S. dollars; M = million.