TABLE 1.
Effect Estimates for Treatment Condition
| Outcome | χ2/df(p)a | CFI/TLI | RMSEA | I (p) | Intercept σ2 | S (p) | ΔItotalb | ΔItreatc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WJ Letter Word Identification | 10.33/9 (.324) | .99/.99 | .05 | |||||
| Treatment—individual | 89.77 (<.001) | 163.7 (<.001) | −.549 (.110) | .28 | −.11 | |||
| Treatment—standard | 91.09 (<.001) | 108.7 (<.001) | −.612 (.22) | .44 | ||||
| Comparison | 86.34 (<.001) | 131.2 (<.001) | −.290 (.630) | — | ||||
| WJ Word Attack | 4.952/9 (.838) | .99/.99 | .001 | |||||
| Treatment—individual | 91.78 (<.001) | 129.1 (<.001) | .501 (.331) | .14 | −.27 | |||
| Treatment—standard | 94.64 (<.001) | 87.66 (<.001) | −.743 (.139) | .45 | ||||
| Comparison | 90.25 (<.001) | 104.2 (<.001) | .551 (.221) | — | ||||
| WJ Spelling | 6.36/9 (.703) | .99/.99 | .001 | |||||
| Treatment—individual | 88.11 (<.001) | 167.7 (<.001) | −.097 (.880) | .31 | −.06 | |||
| Treatment—standard | 88.86 (<.001) | 173.8 (<.001) | −004 (.995) | .36 | ||||
| Comparison | 84.07 (<.001) | 194.6 (<.001) | −.136 (.874) | — | ||||
| TOWRE Sight Word | 21.62/9 (.010) | .97/.97 | .154 | |||||
| Treatment—individual | 90.74 (<.001) | 141.96 (<.001) | .063 (.856) | .24 | .02 | |||
| Treatment—standard | 90.57 (<.001) | 87.55 (<.001) | .363 (.452) | .27 | ||||
| Comparison | 87.91 (<.001) | 125.71 (<.001) | .188 (.739) | — | ||||
| TOWRE Phonemic Decoding | 11.48/9 (.245) | .99/.99 | .068 | |||||
| Treatment—individual | 91.91 (<.001) | 263.9 (<.001) | .497 (.332) | .26 | .01 | |||
| Treatment—standard | 91.70 (<.001) | 212.1 (<.001) | .513 (.318) | .27 | ||||
| Comparison | 87.81 (<.001) | 219.53 (<.001) | 1.60 (.100) | — | ||||
| WJ Passage Comprehension | 13.67/9 (.135) | .99/.99 | .094 | |||||
| Treatment—individual | 84.84 (<.001) | 109.4 (.007) | −.967 (.062) | .52 | −.03 | |||
| Treatment—standard | 85.10 (<.001) | 100.2 (<.001) | 0.00 (.000) | .56 | ||||
| Comparison | 79.20 (<.001) | 135.4 (<.001) | .455 (.345) | — |
Note. Values in bold italics differ from nonitalicized, nonbolded values at p < .05. CFI = comparative fit index; TLI = Tucker-Lewis index; RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation. TOWRE = Test of Word Reading Efficiency. WJ = Woodcock-Johnson test.
Represents the multigroup (N = 3) model with slope fixed.
ΔItotal represents the effect for the two treatment groups in relation to the comparison. Effect sizes were calculated as the difference in estimated means (i.e., model-derived intercepts) divided by the weighted, pooled standard deviation for each estimate, adjusted for small sample size using Hedges’s g formula.
ΔItreat represents the difference between the two treatment groups (i.e., standardized and individualized). Effect sizes were calculated as the difference in estimated means (i.e., model-derived intercepts) divided by the weighted, pooled standard deviation for each, adjusted for small sample size using Hedges’s g formula. Effects are reported in relation to the individualized treatment group.