Phase-contrast (a, b, and c) and epifluorescence (d, e, and f) micrographs of P. carbinolicus cells in coculture with G. sulfurreducens wild-type cells (a and d), the hydrogenase-deficient G. sulfurreducens strain (b and e), or the strain deficient in formate dehydrogenase (c and f). Epifluorescence of in situ hybridized cells with P. carbinolicus is shown as green, and that with G. sulfurreducens is shown as red. Scale bars, 10 μm.