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Biofilms protect Sodalis from tsetse's innate immune response. Sodalis PT and Sodalis ΔOmpA cell colonization of immune-activated GmmWT fly guts. LPS and PGN (A) or live E. coli (B) was fed to flies prior to bacterial inoculation. Guts were dissected at 1 and 3 days postinoculation to determine the number of CFU present. Each symbol represents one fly gut, and the dotted line indicates the assay's limit of detection. Statistical significance was determined by the Mann-Whitney test.
