Table 1.

In vivo function of murine genes in WNV infection

Gene	Survivala	Viremia	Brain viral load	Remarks	Reference(s)
Myd88−/−	S	Up	Up	Reduced leukocytes in CNS	209, 218
Tlr3−/−	R	Up	Up	Reduced viral entry into CNS	230
Tlr7−/−	S	Up	Up	Defective leukocyte homing	218
Il10−/−	R	Down	Down	Enhanced antiviral response	9a
Irf7−/−	S	Up	Up	Defective type I IFN production	48
Casp12−/−	S	Up	Up	Defective type I IFN production	226
IfnαβR−/−	S	Up	Up		181
Ifnβ−/−	S	Up	Up		109
IfnγR−/− or Ifnγ−/−	S	Up	Up		53a
Ips1−/−	S	Up	Up	Lack of regulatory T cells	208
Pkr−/− or RnaseL−/−	S	Up	Up		182, 185
Mmp9−/−	R	Equivalent	Down	Reduced viral entry into CNS	227
Irf3−/−	S	Up	Up	Impaired IFN-stimulated gene expression in macrophages	47
C3−/−	S	Up	Up	Impaired CD8+ T/antibodies	131
Compl R1/2−/−	S	Up	Up	Impaired protective antibodies	129
Ccr5−/−	S	Equivalent	Up	Reduced T cells, NK cells, macrophages in CNS	69
Cxcr2−/−	R	Down	Down		10
Cxcr3−/−	S	Equivalent	Up	Impaired CD8+ T cell recruitment to brain	97a
Cxcl10−/−	S	Equivalent	Up	Impaired CD8+ T cell recruitment to brain	114a
Ccr2−/−	S	Equivalent	Up	Fewer inflammatory monocytes in CNS	197a
sIgM−/−	S	Up	Up	Reduced WNV-specific IgG, no IgM	197b
Casp3−/−	R	Equivalent	Equivalent	Reduced neuron apoptosis	182
Icam1−/−	R	Equivalent	Down	Reduced viral entry into CNS	50
Cd8a−/− MHCclass1a−/−	S	Equivalent	Up	Increased viral loads (spleen), persistent infection in surviving mice	197
Cd4−/− MHCclass2−/−	S	Equivalent	Up	Impaired WNV-specific IgM and IgG production, persistent infection	200a
Cd40−/−	S	Equivalent	Up	Impaired WNV-specific IgM/IgG production, reduced CD8+ cells in CNS	200b
Il22−/−	R	Equivalent	Down	Reduced viral entry into the CNS	225
Dhx58−/−	S	Equivalent	Up	Reduced CD8+ T cell expansion	208a
TRAIL−/−	S	Equivalent	Equivalent	CD8+ T cells use TRAIL to limit infection	236a

^aR and S, mice are more resistant or susceptible, respectively, to lethal WNV infection than their wild-type controls.