Table 2.
Clinical and hemodynamic parameters of prediabetic and diabetic subjects.
| Prediabetes | Diabetes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normotensive | Hypertensive | Normotensive | Hypertensive | ||
| Without medication | With medication | ||||
| N | 286 | 40 | 419 | 37 | 287 |
| Men; n (%) | 152 (53%) | 24 (60%) | 247 (59%) | 26 (70%) | 172 (60%) |
| Age (years) | 47.2 ± 8.7a | 53.6 ± 5.5b | 53.3 ± 7.6b | 52.6 ± 8.7b | 57.0 ± 5.8c |
| Body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) | 24.3 ± 3.0a | 25.0 ± 2.8ab | 24.1 ± 3.2a | 25.6 ± 3.3b | 25.8 ± 3.2b |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | — | — | 5.2 ± 5.8a | 2.6 ± 4.4b | 6.9 ± 5.7c |
| Systolic blood pressure (SBP; mmHg) | 119.6 ± 13.5a | 127.7 ± 12.9bc | 123.1 ± 14.0b | 129.3 ± 14.2c | 126.7 ± 14.7c |
| Diastolic blood pressure (DBP; mmHg) | 74.4 ± 9.7a | 80.3 ± 11.0bc | 76.2 ± 9.3d | 80.7 ± 8.2b | 77.3 ± 9.1cd |
| Central SBP (cSBP; mmHg) | 121.4 ± 0.9a | 133.1 ± 1.6b | 127.9 ± 15.4c | 142.4 ± 18.6d | 135.0 ± 16.6bd |
| Central DBP (cDBP; mmHg) | 76.9 ± 0.6a | 83.7 ± 1.3b | 77.2 ± 10.6a | 82.9 ± 7.7bc | 79.6 ± 10.1c |
| Pulse pressure (PP; mmHg) | 44.5 ± 0.5a | 49.4 ± 1.0b | 50.7 ± 10.6b | 59.5 ± 13.5c | 55.4 ± 12.8c |
| Augmentation index (AI; %) | 74.5 ± 12.1a | 98.3 ± 9.3b | 123.5 ± 182.0c | 123.9 ± 261.7c | 137.7 ± 180.9c |
| PWV, heart-carotid (hcPWV; m/s) | 6.85 ± 0.10a | 7.95 ± 0.25bc | 7.73 ± 1.54b | 8.19 ± 1.92bc | 8.23 ± 1.89c |
| PWV, carotid-brachial (cbPWV; m/s) | 4.42 ± 0.04a | 4.75 ± 0.07b | 4.73 ± 0.57b | 4.90 ± 0.64b | 4.76 ± 0.53b |
| PWV, heart-femoral (hfPWV; m/s) | 8.15 ± 0.09a | 8.84 ± 0.14b | 9.53 ± 1.90c | 10.63 ± 2.04d | 10.06 ± 2.17d |
PWV: pulse wave velocity. Different letters within a variable are significantly different at P < 0.05.