Summary of the ricA genes. (A) Proposed Ric-8-mediated G protein signaling. (B) Phylogenetic tree of the putative RicA proteins identified in various fungal species (from top to bottom: Magnaporthe grisea, A. terreus, P. chrysogenum, A. nidulans, A. niger, A. oryzae, A. flavus, A. clavatus, A. fumigatus, Penicillium marneffei, Talaromyces stipitatus, Coccidioides immitis, Ajellomyces capsulatus, P. tritici, Phaeosphaeria nodorum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, G. zeae, Botryotinia fuckeliana, Podospora anserine, and Chaetomium globosum). (C) mRNA levels of ricA during the life cycles of A. fumigatus and A. nidulans. C, conidia (asexual spores); AS, ascospores (sexual spores in A. nidulans). Numbers indicate the time (in hours) of incubation in liquid MMG or MMG plus 0.1% YE (vegetative) or after transfer onto solid MMG glucose under conditions favoring asexual or sexual development. Equal loading of total RNA was evaluated by ethidium bromide staining of rRNA.