Fig 3.

HMPV binding and subsequent infection depend upon RGD-binding integrins. (A to E) HMPV binding (black circles) or infection at 24 h (gray squares) was determined in the absence or presence of α2 (A), β3 (B), α5 (C), β1 (D), or αV (E) integrin function-blocking antibodies. Results from at least three independent experiments performed in triplicate are expressed as mean percent inhibition relative to untreated control; error bars indicate SEM. *, P ≤ 0.05 from Student's t test, comparing antibody treatment to no treatment. (F) The highest concentrations of αV, β1, or α5 function-blocking antibodies were used alone or in combination to target multiple integrins, and HMPV binding (black bars) or infectivity (gray bars) was determined. Asterisks indicate an additive effect of combination blockade on HMPV infectivity (gray bars); Student's t test comparing two treatments, P ≤ 0.05.