Table 2.
Marker proteins for antibiotics targeting membrane integrity and/or cell wall biosynthesis correlated with influence on cell envelope integrityc
| Compound | Mode of action | Cell wall integrity | MinD delocalization | Potassium leakage | NadE | PspA | YceC | YceH | TrmB | LiaH | YtrE | YtrB | NGM1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Valinomycinb | Carrier ionophore | − | + | + | x | x | x | x | |||||
| Gramicidin Aa | Channel ionophore | − | + | + | x | x | x | ||||||
| Gramicidin Sb | Membrane integration | + | + | − | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||
| Nisin | Pore formation and cell wall biosynthesis | + | + | + | x | x | x | x | x | x | |||
| Gallidermin | Membrane integration and cell wall biosynthesis | + | + | − | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| Mersacidin | Cell wall biosynthesis | + | − | − | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | ||
| Bacitracina | Cell wall biosynthesis | + | − | − | x | x | x | x | x | ||||
| Vancomycina | Cell wall biosynthesis | + | − | − | x | x | x |
a
Previously published (4).
b
2D gel images not shown.
c
+, envelope functionality as measured in cell wall integrity assay, MinD delocalization assay, or potassium release assay was impaired; −, control-like envelope functionality; x, marker protein upregulated at least twofold in response to antibiotic treatment.