Table 2.
Characteristics of patients with clinical cultures with E. coli resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins
| Patient characteristic | No. (%)a |
P | OR (95% CI)b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| With CTX-M (n = 83) | Without CTX-M (n = 63) | |||
| Mean age in yrs (SD) | 64.8 (15.3) | 61.1 (19.6) | 0.32 | NA |
| Female | 45 (54.2) | 40 (63.5) | 0.26 | 0.68 (0.35–1.33) |
| Nonwhite race | 38 (45.8) | 27 (42.9) | 0.72 | 1.13 (0.58–2.18) |
| Inpatient status | 67 (80.7) | 41 (65.1) | 0.03 | 2.25 (1.06–4.77) |
| Emergency department admission | 38 (45.8) | 23 (36.5) | 0.26 | 1.47 (0.75–2.87) |
| Physician referral on admission | 14 (16.9) | 6 (9.5) | 0.23 | 1.93 (0.70–5.33) |
| Nosocomial onset | 35 (42.2) | 20 (31.8) | 0.20 | 1.57 (0.79–3.11) |
| Duration of hospitalization prior to the culture date, mean days (SD) | 10.2 (30.1) | 13.0 (33.0) | 0.86 | NA |
| Health care-associated infection | 40 (48.2) | 24 (38.1) | 0.22 | 1.51 (0.78–2.94) |
| Prior admission to UPHS ≤ 30 days before the culture date | 10 (12.1) | 5 (7.9) | 0.76 | 1.59 (0.51–4.91) |
| Bacteremia | 22 (26.5) | 7 (11.1) | 0.02 | 2.89 (1.14–7.27) |
| Urinary source | 40 (48.2) | 48 (76.1) | 0.001 | 0.29 (0.13–0.60) |
| Mean white blood cell count × 109/liter (SD)c | 11.5 (7.4) | 10.5 (7.1) | 0.21 | NA |
| Indwelling device | 36 (43.4) | 19 (30.2) | 0.10 | 1.77 (0.89–3.54) |
| Central venous catheter | 22 (26.5) | 11 (17.5) | 0.23 | 1.70 (0.76–3.84) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 9 (10.8) | 3 (4.8) | 0.23 | 2.43 (0.63–9.39) |
| Urinary catheter | 17 (20.5) | 9 (14.3) | 0.39 | 1.55 (0.64–3.74) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 36 (26.9) | 84 (32.6) | 0.25 | 1.44 (0.65–3.20) |
| HIV | 2 (2.4) | 1 (1.6) | 0.99 | 1.53 (0.14–17.3) |
| Malignancy | 18 (21.7) | 9 (14.3) | 0.29 | 1.66 (0.69–4.00) |
| Renal insufficiency | 25 (30.1) | 10 (15.9) | 0.05 | 2.28 (1.00–5.20) |
| Neutropenia | 3 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.26 | NA |
| Transplant (solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell) | 8 (9.6) | 8 (12.7) | 0.60 | 0.73 (0.26–2.07) |
| Chronic liver disease | 8 (9.6) | 3 (4.8) | 0.35 | 2.13 (0.54–8.39) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 8 (9.6) | 5 (7.9) | 0.78 | 1.24 (0.38–3.98) |
| Congestive heart failure | 15 (18.1) | 11 (17.5) | 0.92 | 1.04 (0.44–2.46) |
| Mean Charlson comorbidity score (SD) | 2.5 (2.4) | 1.7 (2.3) | 0.01 | NA |
| Receipt of any immunosuppression ≤ 30 days prior to the culture date | 30 (36.1) | 20 (31.8) | 0.58 | 1.22 (0.61–2.44) |
| Receipt of corticosteroids ≤30 days prior to the culture date | 25 (30.1) | 19 (30.2) | 0.99 | 1.00 (0.49–2.04) |
| ICU location on culture date | 22 (26.5) | 9 (14.3) | 0.10 | 2.16 (0.92–5.10) |
| Receipt of antibiotics ≤30 days prior to the culture dated | ||||
| Any antibiotic | 40 (48.2) | 23 (36.5) | 0.16 | 1.62 (0.83–3.16) |
| Vancomycin | 30 (36.1) | 14 (22.2) | 0.07 | 1.98 (0.94–4.17) |
| Antistaphylococcal penicillin | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.2) | 0.19 | NA |
| Extended-spectrum penicillin | 19 (22.9) | 2 (3.2) | 0.001 | 9.05 (2.02–40.5) |
a
Data are presented as numbers (percentages) except as noted otherwise in column 1. NA, not applicable.
b
ORs were unavailable for continuous variables or categorical variables with no events in one or more cells.
c
Data were unavailable for 24 patients (16 control patients, 8 case patients).
d
All other agents and classes of antimicrobials not shown due to P > 0.20 on bivariable analyses.