Fig 6.

A proposed model for AMB activity in mammalian and fungal cells. AMB forms polar channels in mammalian PM (A) and fungal PM (B), which results in ion and metabolite leakage out of the cells. In addition, the AMB channels endocytose into endosomes (steps 1 and 4). In fungal cells, they arrive at the vacuole by postendocytic trafficking (step 5), while in mammalian cells they are transferred from early endosomes to the recycling endosomes and late endosomes (steps 2 and 3). The AMB channels in endosomes and vacuoles allow H⁺ leakage to the cytosol, leading to an endosomal/vacuolar pH increase, which in turn perturbs the trafficking steps.