Fig 7.

Effect of urinary concentrations of nitroxoline on the survival of biofilm cells. Biofilms were grown anaerobically in 1% KNO₃ supplemented TSB (PAO1) as previously described (19) or aerobically in TSB (BK6695-10) for 20 h, washed, and subsequently exposed to the indicated agents or PBS with 1% TSB alone (control) for 6 h. Viable cell numbers in the biofilm layer were determined by serial dilution and plating after dislodgment by sonication (17). Data represent means ± SD of three independent experiments, and significant differences to controls are indicated (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001). Colonized tube surface corresponding to approximately 15 cm².