Table 3.
Conditional 12-month prevalence and comorbidity of DSM-IV mental disorders with frequent or severe headaches among employed or self-employed Part II NCS-R respondents (n = 3955)
| Prevalence of mental disorder among respondents with frequent or severe headaches | Comparisons to respondents without frequent or severe headaches1 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Migraines | Other headaches | Migraines | Other headaches | |||||
| % | (se) | % | (se) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | |
| Anxiety | ||||||||
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 10.4 | (2.3) | 8.9 | (1.3) | 3.0* | (1.7,5.6) | 2.9* | (2.0,4.2) |
| Panic disorder or agoraphobia | 8.1 | (2.2) | 7.2 | (1.5) | 3.5* | (1.8,6.8) | 3.1* | (2.0,4.8) |
| Social phobia | 13.0 | (1.7) | 9.5 | (1.5) | 2.4* | (1.8,3.3) | 1.8* | (1.2,2.6) |
| Specific phobia | 19.6 | (2.0) | 13.4 | (2.1) | 2.9* | (2.2,3.9) | 1.9* | (1.3,2.8) |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 12.4 | (2.1) | 6.4 | (1.3) | 3.7* | (2.3,5.8) | 1.8* | (1.2,2.9) |
| Any anxiety | 38.7 | (2.8) | 29.0 | (2.7) | 3.0* | (2.3,3.8) | 2.0* | (1.6,2.6) |
| Mood | ||||||||
| Depression or dysthymia | 17.8 | (2.2) | 16.9 | (2.1) | 2.4* | (1.6,3.6) | 2.5* | (1.8,3.5) |
| Bipolar I, II, or sub | 6.7 | (1.8) | 6.7 | (1.3) | 2.8* | (1.6,4.8) | 2.5* | (1.6,3.9) |
| Any mood | 22.4 | (2.7) | 21.5 | (3.0) | 2.5* | (1.7,3.7) | 2.5* | (1.8,3.6) |
| Externalizing | ||||||||
| Intermittent explosive disorder | 7.1 | (2.1) | 9.7 | (1.5) | 1.8 | (0.9,3.8) | 2.3* | (1.4,3.6) |
| Other externalizing disorders2 | 2.5 | (0.7) | 3.9 | (1.0) | 2.4* | (1.3,4.4) | 3.2* | (1.9,5.2) |
| Any impulse disorder | 9.0 | (2.2) | 11.9 | (1.6) | 1.9* | (1.1,3.5) | 2.3* | (1.6,3.4) |
| Substance | ||||||||
| Alcohol abuse | 5.2 | (1.7) | 4.5 | (1.2) | 1.7 | (0.8,3.4) | 1.3 | (0.7,2.2) |
| Alcohol dependence | 1.6 | (0.9) | 2.5 | (0.8) | 1.1 | (0.3,3.9) | 1.7 | (0.9,3.0) |
| Drug abuse | 2.2 | (1.0) | 2.9 | (1.3) | 2.0 | (0.7,5.5) | 2.1 | (0.8,5.7) |
| Drug dependence | 1.1 | (0.6) | 1.5 | (0.8) | 3.1 | (0.9,10.7) | 3.3 | (0.9,11.6) |
| Any substance | 6.9 | (2.1) | 5.5 | (1.5) | 1.8 | (0.9,3.7) | 1.3 | (0.7,2.3) |
*
Significant at the .05 level, two-sided test
1
Based on a separate multivariate logistic regression equation for each comorbid disorder predicted by socio-demographic variables and the dummy predictors for migraines and other headaches.
2
Other externalizing disorders include conduct disorder, oppositional-defiant disorder, pathological gambling disorders, and eating disorders.