Table 2.

Counselor and Supervisor demographics by treatment modality

	Total Respondents (N=1,750)		Detoxification (n=200)		Long-Term Residential (n=638)		Methadone (n=352)		Outpatient (n=560)

Characteristic	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	χ2^a
Female	1039	60	112	57	387	62	213	62	327	59	2.79
Not white^*	400	26	27	16	169	31	112	40	92	18	58.22 ^a
Licensure and Certification
State certification	816	49	107	56	302	50	154	46	253	47	6.54
National certification	304	20	45	26	95	18	45	15	119	24	14.07^a
Professional licensure	730	46	92	52	220	39	140	45	278	53	24.14 ^a
Both certification and licensure	478	28	69	36	153	25	94	27	162	29	10.09^a
Certification and/or licensure	1,136	66	140	73	378	61	214	62	404	73	26.82 ^a
Years employed in substance abuse (mean, SD)	(8.8)	(7.3)	(10.0)	(7.2)	(7.8)	(6.5)	(9.7)	(8.6)	(8.9)	(7.2)	7.31 ^a,^b
Years as a counselor, therapist, or clinician (mean, SD)	(7.9)	(6.8)	(8.9)	(6.7)	(6.7)	(5.8)	(8.8)	(8.0)	(8.3)	(6.9)	10.98 ^a,^b
Education											123.84 ^a
High school or less	287	17	36	18	162	26	46	14	43	8
Associates or bachelor's degree	628	37	84	43	236	38	142	42	166	30
Master's or doctoral degree	786	46	75	38	216	35	151	45	344	62

NOTES: Values are number and percent, unless noted otherwise.

Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding (rounded to nearest whole number) , and were calculated excluding missing values.

p<.05

Test statistic is F-value from generalized linear model.

Comparisons are for racial categories only, and do not take into account ethnicity.