Table 1. Disease criteria and standardized part-worth utility values (β) for disease criteria levels by country.

Disease criteria1 and corresponding levels	Canada		US		t 4
	MUV 2	SD 3	MUV 2	SD 3
Case-fatality in humans
No deaths or deaths are rarely reported	−68.97	30.90	−89.60	29.97	13.30***
Case-fatality is low (6%)	−53.69	21.49	−45.59	20.23	7.62***
Case-fatality is moderate (35%)	20.59	22.78	22.02	26.43	1.14∧
Case-fatality is high (80%)	102.07	32.25	113.17	28.60	7.14*** ∧
Incidence of the disease in the Canadian/US human population in the last five years
0 cases	−72.23	27.16	−85.10	31.02	8.66*** ∧
5 cases	−39.50	23.14	−37.25	22.11	1.95
100 cases	17.79	18.97	23.00	16.45	5.76*** ∧
10,000 cases	93.94	37.71	99.34	33.69	2.96** ∧
Case-fatality in animals
No deaths or deaths are rarely reported	−61.85	27.48	−49.87	19.72	9.81*** ∧
Case-fatality is low (6%)	−27.10	17.61	−33.58	15.82	7.59*** ∧
Case-fatality is moderate (35%)	10.72	23.28	8.52	19.12	2.02* ∧
Case-fatality is high (80%)	78.23	29.56	74.93	22.65	2.46* ∧
Incidence of the disease in the Canadian/US animal population in the last five years
0 cases	−57.44	30.36	−63.48	21.73	4.48*** ∧
5 cases	−27.41	21.62	−33.30	22.75	5.20***
100 cases	11.75	21.22	17.59	20.46	5.50***
10,000 cases	73.11	34.79	79.18	24.75	3.94*** ∧
Severity of illness in humans
No clinical symptoms or illness that is not noticeable	−54.46	22.61	−54.64	26.54	0.15∧
Mild clinical symptoms (time off work, some medical assistance and personal care at home)	−28.07	23.11	−26.93	14.68	1.16∧
Moderate clinical symptoms (urgent medical care and hospital admission)	8.29	19.19	8.28	18.40	0.02
Severe clinical symptoms (failure of major organ system/s necessitating long-term hospital admission)	74.24	29.72	73.29	29.71	0.63
Disease trend in Canada/US in the last five years in humans
Decline over the last five years	−58.29	24.03	−58.83	18.49	0.50∧
Stable over the last five years	−34.30	20.40	−26.89	18.53	7.45*** ∧
Increase over the last five years	29.29	19.26	26.43	17.85	3.02** ∧
New emerging disease, rapid increase over the last five years	63.30	26.80	59.29	24.37	3.07** ∧
Transmission potential between humans
No transmission between humans	−52.93	22.50	−47.07	18.19	5.61*** ∧
Low transmission between humans	−30.86	19.95	−34.42	21.40	3.37**
Moderate transmission between humans	12.71	17.35	17.57	18.87	5.28*** ∧
High transmission between humans	71.08	18.90	63.92	21.28	6.98*** ∧

¹Presented in order of importance to Canadian participants.

²Mean part-worth utility values (β) across respondents.

³Standard deviation of mean part-worth utility values (β) across respondents.

⁴ t-statistic; d.f. = 1,537.

^* p<0.05,

^** p<0.01,

^*** p<0.001.

^∧Adjusted for unequal variance using the Welch t-test; Satterthwaite’s d.f. = 1,282.61 to 1531.22.