Figure 12. LpdA influences the localization of a PA sensor and a DAG sensor in COS7 cells.

The GFP-PA sensor (green) or the GFP-DAG sensor (green) were ectopically expressed in COS7 cells by themselves (GFP-PA sensor on the left and GFP-DAG sensor on the right, of panel A) or together with Cherry-LpdA (red) (B, D). The GFP-PA sensor was also expressed with the LpdA PLD mutant, Cherry-LpdA-K165R (C), and the Cherry-LpdA was also expressed with GFP (E). Cherry-LpdA showed clear change in the localization of both the GFP-PA and GFP-DAG sensors while no alterations of the GFP distribution were observed upon co-expression. The images were acquired using confocal microscopy as described in the Materials and Methods section. The scale bar = 10 µm.