Table 4.
Association Between Treatment With Guideline-Recommended Therapy at Baseline and Mortality Within 24 Months of Follow-Up: Univariate and Multivariate Logistic Regression Models*
| Therapy | Treated n (%) | Not Treated n (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACEI/ARB | ||||||
| Cases (dead) | 969 (77.9%) | 275 (22.1%) | 0.56 (0.47–0.66) | <0.0001 | 0.56 (0.47–0.67) | <0.0001 |
| Controls (alive) | 2221 (86.4%) | 351 (13.6%) | ||||
| β-Blocker | ||||||
| Cases (dead) | 1059 (84.1%) | 200 (15.9%) | 0.42 (0.34–0.52) | <0.0001 | 0.42 (0.34–0.52) | <0.0001 |
| Controls (alive) | 2332 (92.6%) | 185 (7.4%) | ||||
| Aldosterone antagonists | ||||||
| Cases (dead) | 127 (43.9%) | 162 (56.1%) | 1.13 (0.85–1.50) | 0.4047 | 1.05 (0.74–1.51) | 0.7707 |
| Controls (alive) | 246 (41.0%) | 354 (59.0%) | ||||
| Anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation | ||||||
| Cases (dead) | 307 (69.1%) | 137 (30.9%) | 0.72 (0.56–0.92) | 0.0096 | 0.73 (0.57–0.95) | 0.0179 |
| Controls (alive) | 691 (75.8%) | 221 (24.2%) | ||||
| ICD | ||||||
| Cases (dead) | 513 (52.0%) | 473 (48.0%) | 0.62 (0.53–0.72) | <0.0001 | 0.62 (0.53–0.73) | <0.0001 |
| Controls (alive) | 1240 (63.6%) | 709 (36.4%) | ||||
| CRT | ||||||
| Cases (dead) | 68 (41.2%) | 97 (58.8%) | 0.55 (0.38–0.80) | 0.0020 | 0.44 (0.29–0.67) | 0.0001 |
| Controls (alive) | 180 (56.1%) | 141 (43.9%) | ||||
| HF education | ||||||
| Cases (dead) | 1042 (75.7%) | 334 (24.3%) | 0.70 (0.60–0.82) | <0.0001 | 0.73 (0.62–0.85) | <0.0001 |
| Controls (alive) | 2246 (81.6%) | 506 (18.4%) | ||||
ACEI indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; EHR, electronic health record; HF, heart failure; ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
The analysis for each individual therapy included only patients eligible for that therapy. Variables retained in the models were as follows: ACEI/ARB: race, depression, DBP; β-blocker: race, HF etiology, DBP; aldosterone antagonist: age, sex, COPD, LVEF, SBP, DBP, QRS, HF clinic in practice, EHR group; anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation: age, NYHA class, DBP, multispecialty practice; ICD: EHR group; CRT: age, edema, LVEF, SBP, DBP, HF clinic in practice, EHR group, APN in practice, outpatient setting; and HF education: race, HF etiology, DBP.