Table 5.

Cumulative Effect of Sequential Application of Guideline-Recommended Heart Failure Therapies on 24-Month Mortality^*

Therapy	No. (%) of Patients	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P	P (incremental)
β-Blocker	3477 (84.2%)	0.61 (0.51–0.72)	<0.0001	<0.0001
β-Blocker+ACEI/ARB	2461 (59.6%)	0.37 (0.29–0.46)	<0.0001	<0.0001
β-Blocker+ACEI/ARB+ICD	1397 (33.8%)	0.24 (0.19–0.32)	<0.0001	<0.0001
β-Blocker+ACEI/ARB+ICD+HF education	1169 (28.3%)	0.19 (0.14–0.25)	<0.0001	0.0038
β-Blocker+ACEI/ARB+ICD+HF education+anticoagulation for AF	400 (9.7%)	0.17 (0.12–0.23)	<0.0001	0.1388
β-Blocker+ACEI/ARB+ICD+HF education+anticoagulation for AF+CRT	81 (2.0%)	0.19 (0.13–0.28)	<0.0001	0.1208

ACEI indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CI, confidence interval; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy (with defibrillator or pacemaker); HF, heart failure; ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (including CRT with defibrillator); OR, odds ratio.

^*Variables retained in the model were race, HF etiology, and diastolic blood pressure.