Table 2.
Summary of Baseline Characteristics of All Eligible Trials Arranged by Ascending Death Rate
| BENEDICT | ROADMAP | ADOPT | DIAD | JPAD | DIRECT | COSMIC | RECORD | ACCORD | CARDS | FIELD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | 1204 | 4447 | 4360 | 1123 | 2539 | 1905 | 8732 | 4447 | 10251 | 2838 | 9795 |
| Follow-up (y) | 3.6 * | 3.2 * | 4.0* | 4.8 | 4.4* | 4.7 | 1.0 | 5.5 | 3.5 | 3.9* | 5.0* |
| Death n (%) | 12 (1) | 41 (1) | 96 (2) | 33 (3) | 72 (3) | 72 (4) | 100 (1) | 293 (7) | 460 (4) | 143 (5) | 679 (7) |
| Follow-up in patient-years | 4334 | 14230 | 17440 | 5390 | 11095 | 8954 | 8732 | 24459 | 35879 | 11068 | 48975 |
| Death rate† | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.55 | 0.61 | 0.65 | 0.80 | 1.15 | 1.20 | 1.28 | 1.29 | 1.39 |
| Age | 62.0 | 57.7 | 56.8 | 60.8 | 64.5 | 56.8 | 58.4 | 58.4 | 62.2 | 61.6 | 62.2 |
| Diabetes duration | 7.9 | 6.1 | 8.6 | 7.0* | 8.8 | 4.9 | 7.1 | 10.0* | 7.8 | 5.0* | |
| Female, sex, (%) | 44 | 54 | 42 | 47 | 45 | 50 | 51 | 48 | 39 | 32 | 37 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.2 | 31.0 | 32.1 | 31.1 | 24.0 | 29.4 | 31.5 | 32.2 | 29.0 | 29.8* | |
| CVD (%) | 9 | 0 | 31 | 35 | 0 | 22 | |||||
| Hypertension (%) | 100 | 78 | 58 | 62 | 80 | 85 | 84 | 57 | |||
| Smoker (%) | 12 | 19 | 15 | 10 | 21 | 15 | 16 | 14 | 23 | 9 | |
| SBP (mmHg) | 151 | 141 | 133 | 132 | 135 | 123 | 139 | 136 | 144 | 141 | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 210 | 207 | 204* | 201 | 205 | 183 | 209 | 193 | |||
| LDL (mg/dL) | 162 | 125 | 120* | 114 | 128 | 105 | 117 | 119 | |||
| HbA1c (%) | 5.8 | 7.6 | 7.7 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 8.2 | 7.9 | 8.3 | 7.8 | 6.9* | |
| SCr (mg/dL) | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.9 | ||
| Retinopathy (%) | 15 | 15 | 100 | 10 | 34 | 30 | 8 | ||||
| Proteinuria (%) | 0 | 0 | 16 | 24 | 18 | 0 | 19 | 30 | 17 | 22 | |
| ASPEN | UKPDS33 | ADVANCE | VADT | DAVID | PROACTIVE | BARI2D | DIABHYCAR | IDNT | RENAAL | TREAT | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | 2410 | 3867 | 11140 | 1791 | 1209 | 5238 | 2368 | 4912 | 1715 | 1513 | 4038 |
| Follow-up (y) | 4.0* | 10.0* | 5.0* | 5.6* | 2.0 | 2.9 | 5.3 | 4.0* | 2.6 | 3.4 | 2.4 |
| Death n (%) | 138 (6) | 702 (18) | 1031 (9) | 197 (11) | 48 (4) | 363 (7) | 316 (13) | 658 (13) | 263 (15) | 313 (21) | 807 (20) |
| Follow-up in patient-years | 9640 | 38670 | 55700 | 10030 | 2418 | 15033 | 12550 | 19648 | 4459 | 5144 | 9792 |
| Death rate† | 1.43 | 1.82 | 1.85 | 1.96 | 1.99 | 2.41 | 2.52 | 3.35 | 5.90 | 6.08 | 8.24 |
| Age | 61.1 | 53.3 | 66.0 | 60.4 | 64.2 | 61.7 | 62.4 | 65.0 | 59.0 | 60.0 | 68.0 |
| Diabetes duration | 8.0 | 0.3 | 7.9 | 11.5 | 8.0* | 10.4 | 9.8 | 14.9* | 15.0* | 15.4* | |
| Female, sex, (%) | 34 | 39 | 43 | 3 | 27 | 34 | 30 | 30 | 34 | 37 | 57 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.9 | 27.5 | 28.0 | 31.2 | 28.4 | 30.8 | 31.7 | 29.2 | 30.8 | 29.4 | 30.2* |
| CVD (%) | 2 | 32 | 40 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 24 | 29 | 47 | 65 | |
| Hypertension (%) | 55 | 72 | 38 | 76 | 83 | 56 | 100 | 96 | |||
| Smoker (%) | 12 | 31 | 14 | 16 | 29 | 14 | 13 | 15 | 18 | 5 | |
| SBP (mmHg) | 133 | 135 | 145 | 132 | 147 | 143 | 132 | 145 | 159 | 153 | 136* |
| Total C (mg/dL) | 193 | 209 | 201 | 174 | 169 | 229 | 228 | 163* | |||
| LDL (mg/dL) | 114* | 135 | 120 | 101 | 112* | 96 | 137 | 85* | |||
| HbA1c (%) | 7.6 | 7.1 | 7.5 | 9.4 | 7.9* | 7.7 | 7.8 | 8.2 | 8.4 | 6.9* | |
| SCr (mg/dL) | 0.9* | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9* | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.9* | ||
| Retinopathy (%) | 36 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 66 | 64 | 47 | ||||
| Proteinuria (%)¶ | 9 | 31 | 48 | 44 | 33 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||
BMI indicates body mass index is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters; CVD, cardiovascular disease composite; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SCr, serum creatinine; smoker: donates current smoker status.
Value was reported as median, otherwise mean;
Per 100 patient-years;
Proteinuria when available.
To convert the values for cholesterol to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.02586. To convert the values for creatinine to milligrams per deciliter, divide by 88.4.
Values were approximated to the hundredths place for follow-up time, death rate, and to the tenth place for follow-up time, age, diabetes duration, female gender, BMI, A1c. SCr. CVD, hypertension, smoker, SBP, Total C, LDL, retinopathy and micro/macroalbuminuria values were rounded off to the nearest one place.
Total C: total cholesterol.