Table 4.
Coefficient Estimates (95% CIs) for Risk Factors in Minimally Adjusted Multivariable Regression Models
| Minimally Adjusted* Models | P for Differences in Predictor Coefficient From the 2 Models† | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| ED-IMT | PS Velocity | ||
| Age | 0.0071 (0.0066 to 0.0075) | 0.0068 (0.0063 to 0.0072) | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity (reference non-Hispanic white) | |||
| Chinese | −0.0092 (−0.0239 to 0.0054) | −0.0033 (−0.0176 to 0.0110) | 0.020 |
| African American | 0.0544 (0.0431 to 0.0657) | 0.0557 (0.0447 to 0.0668) | |
| Hispanic | 0.0048 (−0.0071 to 0.0168) | 0.0076 (−0.0041 to 0.0193) | |
| Sex, male | 0.0254 (0.0165 to 0.0344) | 0.0289 (0.0201 to 0.0377) | 0.004 |
| Body mass index | 0.0027 (0.0018 to 0.0036) | 0.0027 (0.0018 to 0.0036) | 0.833 |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol,‡ mg/dL | −0.0009 (−0.0012 to −0.0006) | −0.0009 (−0.0013 to −0.0006) | 0.616 |
| Total cholesterol (adjusted for lipid-lowering medication use), mg/dL | 0.0003 (0.0001 to 0.0004) | 0.0003 (0.0001 to 0.0004) | 0.639 |
| Diabetes mellitus (reference: normal) | |||
| Impaired fasting glucose | 0.0133 (−0.0002 to 0.0267) | 0.0132 (0.0000 to 0.0263) | 0.140 |
| Untreated diabetes | 0.0361 (0.0078 to 0.0645) | 0.0303 (0.0025 to 0.0581) | |
| Treated diabetes | 0.0357 (0.0198 to 0.0515) | 0.0317 (0.0161 to 0.0472) | |
| Cigarette smoking status | |||
| Former | 0.0062 (−0.0050 to 0.0174) | 0.0069 (−0.0041 to 0.0178) | 0.606 |
| Current | 0.0187 (0.0027 to 0.0347) | 0.0173 (0.0016 to 0.0329) | |
| Adjusted for pack-years | 0.0002 (−0.0001 to 0.0004) | 0.0002 (0.0000 to 0.0005) | |
| Hypertension | 0.0341 (0.0244 to 0.0437) | 0.0314 (0.0219 to 0.0408) | 0.038 |
| SBP (adjusted for antihypertension medication), mm Hg | 0.0014 (0.0012 to 0.0017) | 0.0013 (0.0011 to 0.0015) | <0.001 |
| DBP (adjusted for antihypertension medication), mm Hg | 0.0009 (0.0004 to 0.0014) | 0.0008 (0.0004 to 0.0013) | 0.287 |
| Pulse pressure (adjusted for antihypertension medication), mm Hg | 0.0022 (0.0019 to 0.0025) | 0.0020 (0.0017 to 0.0023) | <0.001 |
IMT indicates intima-media thickness; ED, end diastole; MESA, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; SBP, systolic BP; and DBP, diastolic BP.
*
Minimally adjusted models are adjusted for age, ethnicity, and sex only.
†
P value reflects seemingly unrelated regression analysis test result of coefficient predicting ED-IMT = coefficient predicting PS-IMT.
‡
Convert coefficient to SI units (mmol/L) by multiplying cholesterol values by 0.0259.