Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of the participants who qualified versus those who did not qualify for the study and those in the intervention group versus control group in the Carbohydrate Counting in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Study: Is More Intensive Education Needed?

	Qualifiers (n=66)	Non- qualifiers (n=35)		Intervention (n= 33)	Control (n= 33)
	mean±SD	mean±SD	p a	mean±SD	mean±SD	p a
Age, years	15.1± 2.8	14.8 ± 3.5	0.58	15.7± 3.4	14.5 ± 1.8	0.083
Diabetes duration, years	5.5 ± 3.5	6.9 ± 3.5	0.064	5.5 ± 3.5	5.6 ± 3.4	0.83
BMIc, kg/m2	22.1 ± 3.8	20.7 ± 2.6	0.057	22.3 ± 3.7	21.9 ± 3.8	0.63
HbA1c, %	8.33 ± 1.09	8.10 ± 0.92	0.29	8.41 ± 1.04	8.25 ± 1.14	0.54
Blood glucose	190.3 ± 70.6	206.1± 61.9	0.27	193.8 ± 79.6	186.8 ± 61.4	0.69
Insulin total	56.8 ± 26.5	48.7 ± 14.7	0.10	59.5 ± 17.0	54.2 ± 33.3	0.42
Basal %	47.2 ± 12.8	45.1 ± 10.1	0.43	47.4 ± 10.9	47.1 ± 14.5	0.93
Bolus %	52.8 ± 12.8	54.9 ± 10.0	0.44	52.6 ± 10.9	52.9 ± 14.5	0.93
Number of boluses per day	5.8 ± 2.2	7.3 ± 2.8	0.009	6.0 ± 1.7	5.6 ± 2.6	0.59
	n(%)	n(%)	p b	n(%)	n(%)	p b
Gender
Female	25(38)	18(51)		8(24)	17(52)
Male	41(62)	17(49)	0.21	25(76)	16(48)	0.041
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic
whites	60(91)	33(94)		30(91)	30(91)	1.0
Other	6(9)	2(6)	0.71	3(9)	3(9)
Parent education
Associate degree and higher	51(77)	21(60)		22(67)	29(88)
Less than associate degree	15(23)	14(40)	0.10	11(33)	4(12)	0.076
Family income, US dollars 50, 000 and more	46(78)	28(90)		20(71)	26(84)
Less than 50,000	13(22)	3(10)	0.25	8(29)	5(16)	0.35
Insulin mode
Injections	13(20)	5(14)		7(21)	6(18)
Pump	53(80)	30(86)	0.59	26(79)	27(82)	1.0

^aPooled t-test;

^bFisher exact two-sided test,

^cBMI= Body Mass Index