Table 2.

Carbohydrate counting accuracy of control and intervention participants at baseline and follow-up, by individual foods

		Qualifiers	CHOa estimate accuracy,gb
Food	Average CHO, g	group	Baseline	Follow-up	p- valuec	p-valued
Cereale	41.6	control	−3.7	−3.7	1.00	0.90
		intervention	−6.0	−5.5	0.86
Milk (with cereal) e	7.9	control	5.7	6.0	0.71	0.19
		intervention	4.9	3.4	0.15
Banana	27.0	control	−4.4	−2.6	0.22	0.41
		intervention	−8.3	−4.6	0.023
Mac’n’cheese	45.7	control	0.7	1.3	0.82	0.98
		intervention	−9.4	−8.7	0.80
Carrots	4.9	control	4.1	3.6	0.71	0.28
		intervention	3.3	4.8	0.25
Snack milke	11.4	control	5.0	4.3	0.65	0.38
		intervention	3.1	4.4	0.44
Cookiese	30.0	control	0.6	1.1	0.81	0.58
		intervention	0.4	−0.7	0.58
Chicken nuggetse	16.0	control	5.3	5.4	0.95	0.77
		intervention	3.8	3.2	0.74
Friese	48.0	control	−2.9	−4.4	0.49	0.11
		intervention	−6.3	−2.7	0.11
Barbeque sauce	12.0	control	−1.6	−2.6	0.41	0.19
		intervention	−3.4	−2.1	0.31
Soda	86.0	control	−11.2	−8.6	0.60	0.47
		intervention	−12.8	−15.2	0.62
Goldfish® crackerse	20.5	control	3.1	−1.1	0.032	0.45
		intervention	3.2	1.1	0.29
String cheese	0.0	control	5.3	4.1	0.15	0.64
		intervention	4.7	3.0	0.042
Eggos®	27.0	control	8.1	5.4	0.24	0.29
		intervention	6.7	7.5	0.74
Syrupe	12.6	control	12.4	12.7	0.93	0.62
		intervention	13.6	12.2	0.55
Orange juicee	23.8	control	5.2	3.4	0.41	0.60
		intervention	3.1	2.9	0.94
Burger	0.0	control	2.7	3.1	0.59	0.040
		intervention	4.3	2.8	0.021
Bun	26.1	control	−0.7	−3.4	0.085	0.75
		intervention	−0.7	−2.7	0.21
Chipse	16.1	control	6.8	6.0	0.63	0.29
		intervention	4.7	6.4	0.32
Milke	11.9	control	3.8	3.0	0.54	0.96
		intervention	2.2	1.5	0.61
Spaghetti	35.8	control	9.1	12.5	0.32	0.54
		intervention	3.3	9.8	0.075
Marinara	11.7	control	1.6	1.5	0.95	0.68
		intervention	−1.9	−1.0	0.61
Broccoli	2.9	control	4.1	3.4	0.37	0.014
		intervention	2.9	5.0	0.011
Snapple®e	2.0	control	0.9	0.9	0.99	0.79
		intervention	0.1	−0.2	0.70
Bread	30.0	control	−0.9	−2.0	0.38	0.40
		intervention	−3.1	−2.7	0.76
Peanut butter	7.0	control	4.0	3.7	0.83	0.31
		intervention	2.0	3.3	0.23
Jelly	13.0	control	4.2	4.3	0.94	0.77
		intervention	3.8	4.6	0.63
Apple	21.8	control	0.2	1.2	0.36	0.81
		intervention	−1.4	−0.8	0.59
Browniee	40.0	control	4.8	2.3	0.39	0.11
		intervention	−0.9	3.4	0.17

^aCHO = carbohydrate;

^baccuracy was defined as a difference between actual and estimated CHO;

^csignificance of change between baseline and follow-up accuracy within the group, adjusted for age, gender, and diabetes duration;

^dsignificance of the overall intervention effect;

^eFoods presented with nutrition labels in study visit