FIGURE 2.

MIF and d-DT suppress AMPK-dependent inhibition of mTOR signaling. A549 cells were infected with GFP (G), MIF (M), d-DT (D), or MIF+d-DT (M+D) adenovirus for 24 h. A, lysates were analyzed by immunoblotting. B and C, after 24 h, cells were challenged with high (25 mm) or low (1 mm) glucose medium (B), 10 mm 2-DG (C), or 1% oxygen (C) for an additional 6 h before lysing and immunoblotting as indicated. D and E, H1299 cells were transfected with siRNA as indicated for 72 h (D) or for 48 h and then infected with GFP or dominant negative AMPK adenovirus for an additional 24 h (E). Lysates were examined by immunoblotting. F, A549 cells were transfected with siRNA as indicated for 72 h, and lysates were examined by immunoblotting.