TABLE 3.

Analysis of differential expression of seven genes by qRT-PCR to validate microarray data

CF, control female, n = 3; CM, control male, n = 2; I, intermediate (5 × 10⁶ cfu/ml), n = 3; H, high (10⁷ cfu/ml), n = 2; MA, microarray.

Gene symbol	CF vs. CM		I vs. CM		H vs. CM
	MAa	qPCR	MA	qPCR	MA	qPCR
bcl2	−1.34	1.53	−1.31	2.41b	1.09	0.64
dap3	1.57c	13.04d	1.67c	21.00c	1.17	5.49d
tp53	1.12	7.52c	1.20	14.94d	1.01	3.85d
pycard	−1.55b	−0.85	−1.77b	−0.99	1.29	−0.57
casp3a	1.4b	42.84d	1.42b	89.61d	1.05	10.82b
wt1a	−1.01	5.91	−1.05	7.54	1.07	3.22
zp2	40.59c	388.56c	31.96c	450.17d	17.50c	102.64b

^a -Fold changes in gene expression for CF, I, and H compared to CM were calculated according to the formula, -fold change = ((CF, I, or H) − CM)/CM, using gonads from 35-dpf-old juveniles. Statistical significant difference from CM within a gene was determined using two-tailed Student́s t-test.

^b p < 0.05.

^c, p < 0.001.

^d, p < 0.01.