FIGURE 11.

Effects of resveratrol and c-Src, PI3K, and Akt inhibitors on IL-1β-induced activation of NF-κB-regulated proinflammatory and apoptotic gene products in human tenocytes. Serum-starved human tenocytes in monolayer culture were either left untreated or treated with 10 ng/ml IL-1β alone for 1 h or prestimulated with 5 μm resveratrol or with inhibitors of c-Src (PP1, 1 μm), PI3K (wortmannin, 10 nm), and Akt (SH-5, 1 μm) for 5, 10, 20, 40, or 60 min and then co-treated with 10 ng/ml IL-1β for 1 h. Cytoplasmic cell fractions were prepared, and expression of MMP-9 and Cox-2 as well as cleavage of caspase-3 was determined by Western blot analysis. Housekeeping protein β-actin was used as a loading control.