Table 3.

Complications and results for patients with congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia who were treated with Ilizarov technique and intramedullary nailing

No	Minor complication	Treatment	Major complication	Treatment	Final outcome	Clinical grade
1	Pin-tract infection	Non-operative	–	–	Primary union	Good
	Ankle stiffness	Non-operative	–	–	–	–
2	Pin-tract infection	Non-operative	Delayed consolidation	Corrective osteotomy	Secondary union	Fair
	Equinus	Non-operative	Valgus malalignment	with bone graft	–	–
3	Pin-tract infection	Wire change	Delayed consolidation	–	Secondary union	Fair
4	Pin-tract infection	Non-operative	–	–	Primary union	Good
5	Pin-tract infection	Wire change	Delayed consolidation	Supramalleolar osteotomy	Secondary union with	Fair
	Knee flexion contracture	Non-operative	Valgus malalignment	with bone graft	good alignment
6	Pin-tract infection	Non-operative	–		Primary union	Good
7	Pin-tract infection	Non-operative	Delayed consolidation	DBM application	Secondary union	Fair
	Ankle stiffness	Non-operative	–	–	–	–
8	Pin-tract infection	Non-operative	–	–	Primary union	Good
9	Pin-tract infection	Wire change	Delayed consolidation	Bone grafting with refixation	Secondary union	Fair
	Knee flexion contracture	Non-operative	–	–	–	–
	Equinus	Non-operative	–	–	–	–
10	Pin-tract infection	Non-operative	–			Fair
11	Pin-tract infection	Non-operative	Delayed consolidation (bone transport)	Bone grafting with plating	Secondary union	Fair
12	Pin-tract infection	Wire change	Delayed consolidation	Bone grafting with plating	Secondary union	Fair
	Ankle stiffness	Non-operative	Refracture
13	Pin-tract infection	Non-operative	–	–	Primary union	Good
14	Pin-tract infection	Removal of apparatus	Non-union	Amputation advised	Non-union	Poor
15	Pin-tract infection	Non-operative	–	–	Primary union	Good