Table 2.

Comparison of fresh frozen bone (FFB), embalmed bone (EB), and composite bone (CB) concerning stiffness, pullout forces for cortex and cancellous screws, and axial load until failure. Figures are mean (CI) and all p-values are given

	FFB	EB	CB	FFB vs. EB	FFB vs. CB	EB vs. CB
Stiffness (N/mm)	969 (897–1,039)	999 (875–1,121)	946 (852–1,040)	p = 0.8	p = 0.9	p = 0.6
Pullout force,
cortical screws (N)	1,152 (894–1,408)	1,461 (880–2,042)	5,536 (5,203–5,867)	p = 0.4	p < 0.001	p < 0.001
cancellous screws (N)	654 (471–836)	595 (365–823)	2,344 (2,068–2,620)	p = 0.9	p < 0.001	p < 0.001
Axial load until failure (N)	3,427 (2564–4290)	3,603 (2,898–4,306)	> 7,952	p = 0.4	p < 0.01	p < 0.01