Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of the participants immediately before, or at the time of the CMRI scan, by gender (numbers are presented as mean ± SD or percentage as appropriate).
| Variable | Female (n=422) | Male (n=467) | * p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Race(%White) | 96.7 | 96.6 | 0.857 |
| Attained Age (years) | 49 ± 7 | 50 ± 6 | 0.005 |
| Attained Duration of IDDM (years) | 27.8 ± 4.9 | 27.4 ± 4.8 | 0.207 |
| Current cigarette smokers (%) | 10.7 | 12.0 | 0.533 |
| Current drinker (%) | 37.2 | 52.9 | < 0.0001 |
| Body Mass Index | 27.9 ± 5.3 | 28.2 ± 4.1 | 0.043 |
| BMI >= 25 (%) (Overweight) | 67.1 | 75.8 | 0.004 |
| BMI >= 30 (%) (Obese) | 30.3 | 31.1 | 0.817 |
| Natural waist-to-hip ratio | 0.80 ± 0.07 | 0.91 ± 0.07 | < 0.0001 |
| Weighted systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 115 ± 8 | 120 ± 7 | < 0.0001 |
| Weighted diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 72 ± 5 | 76 ± 5 | < 0.0001 |
| Hypertensive+ (%) | 45.0 | 52.9 | 0.019 |
| Anti-Hypertensive Medication (%) | 36.3 | 44.5 | 0.012 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | |||
| Prior to CMRI | 8.0 ± 1.3 | 7.8 ± 1.2 | 0.063 |
| Weighted HbA1C | 8.0 ± 1.0 | 7.9 ± 1.0 | 0.282 |
| Weighted Lipid-HDL Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 60 ± 12 | 50 ± 11 | < 0.0001 |
| Weighted Lipid-LDL Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 110 ± 20 | 111 ± 21 | 0.523 |
| Weighted Lipid-Total Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 186 ± 23 | 178 ± 24 | < 0.0001 |
| Weighted Lipid Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 78 ± 35 | 89 ± 45 | 0.0006 |
| Hypercholesterolemia# (%) | 54.3 | 72.4 | < 0.0001 |
| Lipid lowering medication (%) | 47.6 | 67.5 | < 0.0001 |
| AER >= 30 mg/24h(%) or ESRD (sustained) | 23.7 | 28.3 | 0.121 |
| AER >= 300 mg/24h(%) or ESRD (ever) | 6.6 | 11.4 | 0.015 |
| eGFR < 60 | 7.8 | 4.9 | 0.075 |
| Left Ventricular Mass/BSA (g/m2) | 64.0 ± 10.3 | 76.5 ± 12.2 | < 0.0001 |
| Common IMT Year 12 (mm) | 0.65 ± 0.10 | 0.71 ± 0.16 | < 0.0001 |
| Any ACE or ARB | 49.1 | 58.7 | 0.004 |
| Any Beta Blocker | 8.1 | 7.9 | 0.941 |
*
p-value based on Chi-Square test for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables.
+
Hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg or use of anti-hypertensive medications.
#
Hypercholesterolemia was defined as low density lipoprotein levels ≥ 130 mg/dl or use of lipid lowering medication