Table 2. Serum carotenoid concentrations (μmol l⁻¹)a.

Month	Retinol	Lutein	Zeaxanthin	Lycopeneb	α-Carotenec	β-Carotenec	Totald
Reduction
0	2.07±0.53	0.33±0.14	0.09±0.04	0.54±0.18a	0.08±0.06	0.57±0.68	1.60±0.89
3	2.18±0.74	0.34±0.11	0.09±0.03	0.50±0.12a	0.27±0.13	1.14±0.63	2.34±0.83
12	2.39±0.72	0.46±0.20	0.08±0.03	0.80±0.18b	0.14±0.09	0.81±0.48	2.29±0.80
HiVeg
0	2.29±0.46	0.36±0.13	0.07±0.03	0.81±0.27b	0.05±0.02	0.39±0.22	1.68±0.44
3	2.19±0.50	0.44±0.29	0.07±0.02	0.65±0.24ab	0.34±0.21	1.21±0.84	2.70±1.16
12	2.41±0.35	0.40±0.12	0.08±0.02e	0.82±0.23b	0.10±0.07	0.63±0.41	2.02±0.55
P-values
Diet	0.43	0.41	0.02	0.0001	1.00	0.34	0.69
Time	0.14	0.10	0.83	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
DietxTime	0.65	0.10	0.19	0.02	0.06	0.49	0.22

^aAll values are means±s.d.'s. n=23 for Reduction and n=19 for HiVeg, except where noted.

^bMeans within a column not followed by a common alphabet are significantly different, P<0.05 by Tukey contrast.

^cRegardless of treatment group, values at 3 months were significantly greater than at 0 or 12 months, P<0.05 by Tukey contrast.

^dRegardless of treatment group, values at 0 months were significantly lower than at 3 or 12 months, P<0.05 by Tukey contrast.

^en=21.