Alignment of the amino acid sequences of the catalytic domains of family 19 chitinases. Residues conserved in all sequences are indicated by white type on a black background, while residues conserved in >80 and >60% of the proteins examined are indicated by white type on a dark gray background and by black type on a light gray background, respectively. The two catalytic amino acid residues of family 19 chitinases are indicated by solid circles. The open circle indicates amino acid residues related to the activity. Amino acid residues proposed to hold a water molecule are indicated by a solid triangle. SS1, SS2, and SS3 indicate the positions of disulfide bonds. Conserved regions of family 19 chitinases are indicated by the solid bars (C1, C2, C3, and C4). barley I, barley class I chitinase (accession no. Q42839); Osati I, O. sativa class I chitinase (Q42992); barley II, barley class II chitinase (P11955); jbean II, jack bean class II chitinase (O81934); Osati IV, O. sativa class IV chitinase (O04138); ORF_C08B6.4, Caenorhabditis elegans chitinase (Q17816); ChiB_Bglad, B. gladioli CHB101 ChiB (BAA92252); ChiF_Scoel, S. coelicolor A3 (2) ChiF (Q9Z9M6); ChiC_Sgris, S. griseus HUT6037 ChiC (O50152); ORF_N16961, V. cholerae El Tor N16961 chitinase (Q9KTW1); ORF_PAO1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 chitinase (BAA83168); ORF_gp8, mycobacteriophage Bxb1 chitinase (AAG59713). The sequence regions used for the phylogenetic analysis of family 19 chitinases shown in Fig. 6 are indicated by arrows.