Fitness, genetic diversity, and mating system summary data for Swietenia macrophylla samples across Central America from contrasting provenances and landscape contexts (nfamily, total number of families (i.e. mother trees) per group; nprogeny, total number of progeny across families per group; growth, mean block adjusted growth; Hj, mean observed multilocus heterozygosity of adults; Ĥj, mean observed multilocus heterozygosity of progeny; tm, multilocus outcrossing rate; tm − ts, biparental inbreeding estimate; rp, multilocus correlated paternity; standard deviations in parentheses; 95% confidence interval homogeneous subgroups indicated by ‘a’, ‘b’and ‘c’)