Table 3.

Comparison of the average (SD) T1 horizontal acceleration pulse durations (ms) for the current study and the automobile acceleration pulse duration measured during real-life rear-end collisions. The number of impacts (n) and the measured peak accelerations (g) are also indicated

Reference	Acceleration duration (ms)	Peak acceleration (g)	n	Source of data
Current study	103.8 (11.0)	3.6 to 7.9	24
Krafft et al. [36]	80.0 (32.4)	4.0 to 14.0	8	Crash pulse recorders of automobiles in rear-end collisions
Ono et al. [53]	100.0	2.5	1	Automotive rear-end collision
Geigl et al. [24]	110.0	3.1	1	Accident data recorder of automobiles in rear-end collisions
West et al. [85]	128.4 (19.7)	2.1 to 7.5	14	Human volunteer rear-end collision in various automobiles
Welcher et al. [84]	135.0 (21.2)	1.4 to 4.0	2	Cars in rear-end collisions (foam-to-foam-bumper interface)
Bailey [3]	140.0	3.2	1	Cars in rear-end collisions (foam-to-foam-bumper interface)
Severy et al. [73]	164.0 (41.0)	1.5 to 6.1	5	Pioneering study (cars with rigid bumpers)